Troubles du voisinage. Habitat et santé mentale

240 p.Dans le cadre d'une recherche en cours sur les interactions entre troubles du voisinage et santé mentale, nous nous sommes attachés à reconstituer divers contextes et séquences d'interactions considérés localement comme des perturbations, mineures ou majeures. Il s'agissait d'identifier et de démonter des " scènes de troubles " à partir de ce qu'en exprimaient les principaux protagonistes. Parmi les catégories de " troubles " marquants, nous avons exploré sur l'un des terrains les difficultés vécues par des résidents confrontés à des activités liées aux drogues illicites (petits trafics, regroupements de consommateurs, scènes de rue) qui se répercutaient au niveau des immeubles d'habitation sous la forme d'intrusions ou d'incidents entre co-habitants avec des répercussions au niveau du quartier

Altered relative concentrations of high-energy phosphates in patients with uraemic cardiomyopathy measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

<p><b>Background:</b> Premature sudden cardiovascular death is the commonest cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and is associated with uraemic cardiomyopathy [left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), systolic dysfunction (LVSD) or LV dilation]. High-energy phosphates (HEP), quantified using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are reduced in patients with diabetes, heart failure and uraemia. Phosphocreatine:β adenosine triphosphate (PCr:ATP) ratio is an index of metabolic activity. We compared resting HEPs in ESRD patients and hypertensive patients (with and without LVH) who had normal renal function (LVH-only or normal myocardia). We also assessed associations of HEP levels with abnormalities of uraemic cardiomyopathy.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Fifty-three ESRD and 30 hypertensive patients (18 with LVH, 12 with normal myocardia) underwent phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of their left ventricle. PCr:ATP ratios were calculated from 31P-MR spectra obtained from long-axis views of the left ventricle.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> There were no significant differences in age, LV mass, chamber sizes and ejection fraction between patient groups. PCr:ATP was significantly lower in ESRD patients compared to hypertensive patients, irrespective of the presence or absence of LVH (P = 0.01). In the ESRD group, PCr:ATP was significantly lower in patients with LVSD (P = 0.05) and LV dilation (P = 0.01). LVH was not associated with significant difference in PCr:ATP.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> ESRD patients have lower HEP levels compared to hypertensive patients. Lower PCr:ATP ratio, indicating altered myocardial metabolic function in ESRD patients, is associated with features of uraemic cardiomyopathy.</p&gt

A Proteomics Analysis of the Effects of Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke on Troponin T Expression in Human Vastus Lateralis

Stroke disability is attributed to upper motor neuron deficits resulting from ischemic brain injury. We have developed proteome maps of the Vastus lateralis to examine the effects of ischemic brain injury on paretic skeletal muscle myofilament proteins. Proteomics analyses from seven hemiparetic stroke patients have detected a decrease of three troponin T isoforms in the paretic muscle suggesting that myosin–actin interactions may be attenuated. We propose that ischemic brain injury may prevent troponin T participation in complex formation thereby affecting the protein interactions associated with excitation–contraction coupling. We have also detected a novel skeletal troponin T isoform that has a C-terminal variation. Our data suggest that the decreased slow troponin T isoform pools in the paretic limb may contribute to the gait deficit after stroke. The complexity of the neurological deficit on Vastus lateralis is suggested by the multiple changes in proteins detected by our proteomics mapping

Morphological, Electrophysiological, and Metabolic Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle in People with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Critical Review

Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most frequent debilitating symptoms reported by people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on haemodialysis (HD) therapy. A wide range of underlying abnormalities, including skeletal muscle weakness, have been implicated as causes of this fatigue. Skeletal muscle weakness is well established in this population, and such muscle weakness is amenable to physical therapy treatment. The purpose of this review was to identify morphological, electrophysiological, and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscles in people with ESRD/HD that may cause skeletal muscle weakness