148 research outputs found
Thermodynamical Properties of a Rotating Ideal Bose Gas
In a recent experiment, a Bose-Einstein condensate was trapped in an
anharmonic potential which is well approximated by a harmonic and a quartic
part. The condensate was set into such a fast rotation that the centrifugal
force in the corotating frame overcompensates the harmonic part in the plane
perpendicular to the rotation axis. Thus, the resulting trap potential became
Mexican-hat shaped. We present an analysis for an ideal Bose gas which is
confined in such an anharmonic rotating trap within a semiclassical
approximation where we calculate the critical temperature, the condensate
fraction, and the heat capacity. In particular, we examine in detail how these
thermodynamical quantities depend on the rotation frequency.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.theo-phys.uni-essen.de/tp/ags/pelster_dir
A natural orbital functional for the many-electron problem
The exchange-correlation energy in Kohn-Sham density functional theory is
expressed as a functional of the electronic density and the Kohn-Sham orbitals.
An alternative to Kohn-Sham theory is to express the energy as a functional of
the reduced first-order density matrix or equivalently the natural orbitals. In
the former approach the unknown part of the functional contains both a kinetic
and a potential contribution whereas in the latter approach it contains only a
potential energy and consequently has simpler scaling properties. We present an
approximate, simple and parameter-free functional of the natural orbitals,
based solely on scaling arguments and the near satisfaction of a sum rule. Our
tests on atoms show that it yields on average more accurate energies and charge
densities than the Hartree Fock method, the local density approximation and the
generalized gradient approximations
Phase transition from straight into twisted vortex-lines in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
The non-local non-linearity introduced by the dipole-dipole interaction plays
a crucial role in the physics of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. In
particular, it may distort significantly the stability of straight vortex lines
due to the rotonization of the Kelvin-wave spectrum. In this paper we analyze
this instability showing that it leads to a second-order-like phase transition
from a straight vortex-line into novel helical or snake-like configurations,
depending on the dipole orientation.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in New J. Phy
Scalar Field Cosmology II: Superfluidity, Quantum Turbulence, and Inflation
We generalize the big-bang model in a previous paper by extending the real
vacuum scalar field to a complex vacuum scalar field, within the FLRW
framework. The phase dynamics of the scalar field, which makes the universe a
superfluid, is described in terms of a density of quantized vortex lines, and a
tangle of vortex lines gives rise to quantum turbulence. We propose that all
the matter in the universe was created in the turbulence, through reconnection
of vortex lines, a process necessary for the maintenance of the vortex tangle.
The vortex tangle grows and decays, and its lifetime is the era of inflation.
These ideas are implemented in a set of closed cosmological equations that
describe the cosmic expansion driven by the scalar field on the one hand, and
the vortex-matter dynamics on the other. We show how these two aspects decouple
from each other, due to a vast difference in energy scales. The model is not
valid beyond the inflation era, but the universe remains a superfluid
afterwards. This gives rise to observable effects in the present universe,
including dark matter, galactic voids, non-thermal filaments, and cosmic jets.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, published versio
Decision for reconstructive interventions of the upper limb in individuals with tetraplegia: the effect of treatment characteristics
Objective: To determine the effect of treatment characteristics on the\ud
decision for reconstructive interventions for the upper extremities (UE) in\ud
subjects with tetraplegia. - \ud
Setting: Seven specialized spinal cord injury centres in the Netherlands. - \ud
Method: Treatment characteristics for UE reconstructive interventions were\ud
determined. Conjoint analysis (CA) was used to determine the contribution\ud
and the relative importance of the treatment characteristics on the decision\ud
for therapy. Therefore, a number of different treatment scenarios using these\ud
characteristics were established. Different pairs of scenarios were presented\ud
to subjects who were asked to choose the preferred scenario of each set. - \ud
Results: forty nine subjects with tetraplegia with a stable C5, C6 or C7\ud
lesion were selected. All treatment characteristics significantly influenced\ud
the choice for treatment. Relative importance of treatment characteristics\ud
were: intervention type (surgery or surgery with FES implant) 13%, number\ud
of operations 15%, in patient rehabilitation period 22%, ambulant\ud
rehabilitation period 9%, complication rate 15%, improvement of elbow\ud
function 10%, improvement of hand function 15%. In deciding for therapy\ud
40% of the subjects focused on one characteristic. - \ud
Conclusion: CA is applicable in Spinal Cord Injury medicine to study the\ud
effect of health outcomes and non-health outcomes on the decision for\ud
treatment. Non-health outcomes which relate to the intensity of treatment\ud
are equally important or even more important than functional outcome in the\ud
decision for reconstructive UE surgery in subjects with tetraplegia
Improved tensor-product expansions for the two-particle density matrix
We present a new density-matrix functional within the recently introduced
framework for tensor-product expansions of the two-particle density matrix. It
performs well both for the homogeneous electron gas as well as atoms. For the
homogeneous electron gas, it performs significantly better than all previous
density-matrix functionals, becoming very accurate for high densities and
outperforming Hartree-Fock at metallic valence electron densities. For isolated
atoms and ions, it is on a par with previous density-matrix functionals and
generalized gradient approximations to density-functional theory. We also
present analytic results for the correlation energy in the low density limit of
the free electron gas for a broad class of such functionals.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Увеличение темпов прироста запасов углеводородов с помощью инновационных технологий на примере Омской области
Проведен анализ перспектив нефтегазоносности Омской области на основе данных инновационной технологии квантово-оптической фильтрации космоснимков. Приведены физические принципы технологии квантово-оптической фильтрации. На примере Омской области показана эффективность применения технологии квантово-оптической фильтрации при решении задачи повышения темпов прироста запасов углеводородного сырья
Observation of vortex formation in an oscillating trapped Bose-Einstein condensate
We report on the observation of vortex formation in a Bose-Einstein
condensate of Rb-87 atoms. Vortices are generated by superimposing an
oscillating excitation to the trapping potential introduced by an external
magnetic field. For small amplitudes of the external excitation field we
observe a bending of the cloud axis. Increasing the amplitude we observe
formation of a growing number of vortices in the sample. Shot-to-shot
variations in both vortex number and position within the condensed cloud are
observed, probably due to the intrinsic vortex nucleation dynamics. We discuss
the possible formation of vortices and anti-vortices in the sample as well as
possible mechanisms for vortex nucleation.Comment: 1 figure added, text modified, accepted for publication Phys. Rev.
The value of competitive employment:In-depth accounts of people with intellectual disabilities
BackgroundIncreasing the societal participation of people with intellectual disabilities via competitive employment requires a full understanding of what this means to them. This paper aims to provide an in‐depth examination of the lived experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in competitive employment.MethodInterviews were conducted with six participants with mild intellectual disability or borderline functioning and good verbal communication skills. Interviews were analysed according to the guidelines of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Member checks were conducted.ResultsAnalysis yielded three main themes: (a) Building on my life experiences, (b) My place at work and (c) Being a valuable member of society, like everyone else.ConclusionsCompetitive employment could make a substantial contribution to the sense of belonging to society and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. Nevertheless, they must cope with stigma‐related obstacles and feelings of being dependent on others in the work environment
The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases
This article reviews the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the
study of ultracold gases made of bosonic particles interacting via the
long-range, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction, in addition to the
short-range and isotropic contact interaction usually at work in ultracold
gases. The specific properties emerging from the dipolar interaction are
emphasized, from the mean-field regime valid for dilute Bose-Einstein
condensates, to the strongly correlated regimes reached for dipolar bosons in
optical lattices.Comment: Review article, 71 pages, 35 figures, 350 references. Submitted to
Reports on Progress in Physic
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