EFFICIENCY OF IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI PHENOLIC EXTRACT FROM LEAVES

Objective: The fundamental objective of this analysis is to assess the potential effect of the phenolic plant extract from Syzygium cumini against bacterialculture. This response indicates the antibacterial properties of the phenolic extract of the plant which can be exploited as a feasible antibacterial agent.Methods: The antibacterial activity of the phenolic-rich extract was tested against human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence ofalkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, glycosides, terpenoid, and tannins.Results: The phenolic extract showed potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium P. aeruginosa.The zone of inhibition obtained in the antibacterial assay was scrutinized, and the results obtained were analyzed in terms of the antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Hereby, inferring from the experimental outcomes, the phenolic plant extract of S. cumini can be used as an effective antibacterial agent.Keywords: Polyphenol, Antibacterial activity, Disc diffusion, Syzygium cumini

Accumulation of Proline under Salinity and Heavy metal stress in Cauliflower seedlings

Salinity and heavy metals affect the growth and development of higher plants and also their productivity. In the present study, Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var botrytis) seeds were allowed to germinate and grow in the absence (control) and presence of different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 \u3bcM) of NaCl, CdCl2, HgCl2 and ZnCl2. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings of cauliflower were observed after 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure to salinity and heavy metals. In case of salinity, maximum inhibition of seedling growth was observed at 250 \u3bcM of NaCl which resulted into 66%, 67%, 61%, 56% and 25% inhibition in seed germination, shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, respectively after 5 days of germination. NaCl at 500-\u3bcM concentration and above completely inhibited seed germination. In case of heavy metals, HgCl2 was found to be the most toxic one with 94% inhibition in seed germination at 250 \u3bcM concentrations. Shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weights were inhibited by 69%, 88%, 66% and 71% respectively, after 5 days of growth in presence of HgCl2 (250 \u3bcM). On the other hand, only 66% and 55% inhibition in seed germination was observed with as high concentration as 1000 \u3bcM of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 respectively, after 5 days of seed growth. Further, the extent of reduction in shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight in presence of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 was found to be less than HgCl2. In general development of root system was severely inhibited in presence of NaCl, CdCl2, ZnCl2 and HgCl2 at all the concentration tested as evidenced by decrease in root length. Increase in the level of proline accumulation was observed in presence of all heavy metals studied and sodium chloride

In vitro anti-HIV activity of some Indian medicinal plant extracts

Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) persists to be a significant public health issue worldwide. The current strategy for the treatment of HIV infection, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), has reduced deaths from AIDS related disease, but it can be an expensive regime for the underdeveloped and developing countries where the supply of drugs is scarce and often not well tolerated, especially in persons undergoing long term treatment. The present therapy also has limitations of development of multidrug resistance, thus there is a need for the discovery of novel anti-HIV compounds from plants as a potential alternative in combating HIV disease. Methods Ten Indian medicinal plants were tested for entry and replication inhibition against laboratory adapted strains HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1Ada5 and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl cell lines and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in PM1 cell lines. The plant extracts were further evaluated for toxicity in HEC-1A epithelial cell lines by transwell epithelial model. Results The methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera, Rosa centifolia and aqueous extract of Ficus benghalensis inhibited laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains (IC80 3.6–118 μg/ml) and primary isolates (IC80 4.8–156 μg/ml) in TZM-bl cells. Methanolic extract of Strychnos potatorum, aqueous extract of Ficus infectoria and hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa inhibited laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains (IC80 4.24–125 μg/ml) and primary isolates (IC80 18–156 μg/ml) in TZM-bl cells. Methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Rosa centifolia, (IC801-9 μg/ml) further significantly inhibited HIV-1 primary isolates in PM1cells. Methanolic extracts of Tridax procumbens, Mallotus philippinensis, Annona reticulate, aqueous extract of Ficus benghalensis and hydroalcoholic extract of Albizzia lebbeck did not exhibit anti-HIV activity in all the tested strains. Methanolic extract of Rosa centifolia also demonstrated to be non-toxic to HEC-1A epithelial cells and maintained epithelial integrity (at 500 μg/ml) when tested in transwell dual-chamber. Conclusion These active methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Rosa centifolia, could be further subjected to chemical analysis to investigate the active moiety responsible for the anti-HIV activity. Methanolic extract of Rosa centifolia was found to be well tolerated maintaining the epithelial integrity of HEC-1A cells in vitro and thus has potential for investigating it further as candidate microbicide

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICALTICLE PHARMACOLOGY ESTIMATIO � OF BIOCHEMICAL STATUS A�D IMMU�OSTIMULA�T POTE�TIAL OF CHOSE � FRUITS

In the present study investigates biochemical status and immuno-stimulant potential of different fruits such as Paneer guava, Custard apple, Pomegranate, Muskmelon, Carambola and Sapota. The amount of carbohydrate was high in Custard apple followed by Paneer guava, Pomegranate, Carambola, Muskmelon and Sapota. The amount of protein was high in Paneer guava followed by Custard apple, Sapota, Pomegranate, Muskelon and Carambola. The Percentage of T cells were varied remarkable due to exposure of antigens (Staphylococcus aureus was 64, Streptococcus pyogenes was 67, Bacillus subtilis was 62, Salmonella typhi was 64 and Shigella sonnei was 67). Percentage of T cells in fruits extract administered mice showed in the following order Paneer guava (54), Sapota (56%), Muskmelon (57), Custard apple (58), Pomegranate (59) and Carambola (59). The Percentage of B cells composition was 38, 43, 37, 40 and 35 in animals administered wit

Accumulation of Proline under Salinity and Heavy metal stress in Cauliflower seedlings

Salinity and heavy metals affect the growth and development of higher plants and also their productivity. In the present study, Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var botrytis) seeds were allowed to germinate and grow in the absence (control) and presence of different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μM) of NaCl, CdCl2, HgCl2 and ZnCl2. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings of cauliflower were observed after 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure to salinity and heavy metals. In case of salinity, maximum inhibition of seedling growth was observed at 250 μM of NaCl which resulted into 66%, 67%, 61%, 56% and 25% inhibition in seed germination, shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, respectively after 5 days of germination. NaCl at 500-μM concentration and above completely inhibited seed germination. In case of heavy metals, HgCl2 was found to be the most toxic one with 94% inhibition in seed germination at 250 μM concentrations. Shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weights were inhibited by 69%, 88%, 66% and 71% respectively, after 5 days of growth in presence of HgCl2 (250 μM). On the other hand, only 66% and 55% inhibition in seed germination was observed with as high concentration as 1000 μM of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 respectively, after 5 days of seed growth. Further, the extent of reduction in shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight in presence of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 was found to be less than HgCl2. In general development of root system was severely inhibited in presence of NaCl, CdCl2, ZnCl2 and HgCl2 at all the concentration tested as evidenced by decrease in root length. Increase in the level of proline accumulation was observed in presence of all heavy metals studied and sodium chloride

Accumulation of Proline under Salinity and Heavy metal stress in Cauliflower seedlings

Salinity and heavy metals affect the growth and development of higher plants and also their productivity. In the present study, Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var botrytis) seeds were allowed to germinate and grow in the absence (control) and presence of different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μM) of NaCl, CdCl2, HgCl2 and ZnCl2. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings of cauliflower were observed after 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure to salinity and heavy metals. In case of salinity, maximum inhibition of seedling growth was observed at 250 μM of NaCl which resulted into 66%, 67%, 61%, 56% and 25% inhibition in seed germination, shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, respectively after 5 days of germination. NaCl at 500-μM concentration and above completely inhibited seed germination. In case of heavy metals, HgCl2 was found to be the most toxic one with 94% inhibition in seed germination at 250 μM concentrations. Shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weights were inhibited by 69%, 88%, 66% and 71% respectively, after 5 days of growth in presence of HgCl2 (250 μM). On the other hand, only 66% and 55% inhibition in seed germination was observed with as high concentration as 1000 μM of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 respectively, after 5 days of seed growth. Further, the extent of reduction in shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight in presence of both CdCl2 and ZnCl2 was found to be less than HgCl2. In general development of root system was severely inhibited in presence of NaCl, CdCl2, ZnCl2 and HgCl2 at all the concentration tested as evidenced by decrease in root length. Increase in the level of proline accumulation was observed in presence of all heavy metals studied and sodium chloride