Pneumococcus meningitis varandossag soran.

Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease. The incidence of meningitis is about 2.6-6 cases per 100.000 adults per year in developed countries. The most common causative microorganisms are Sreptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. A 33-year-old multigravida, at 24 week of gestation was admitted to the hospital because of ear pain, haedache, fever and confusion. Lumbal puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed signs of bacterial meningitis. Latex agglutination test was positive for S. pneumoniae, Gram-positive diplococci have seen under microscope and later cultivation verified S. pneumoniae as the causative agent. After ceftriaxon, dexamethasone administration and treatment in intensive care unit, left side mastoidectomy was performed since cranial computed tomography showed acut exacerbation of chronic mastoiditis on the left side. After extubation, mobilisation and 14 days antibiotic treatment the patient, who had residual hearing loss on the left side, was discharged from the hospital. During the treatment the foetal parameters were normal. The patient at 39 week of gestation gave birth to a healthy infant. Forty-eight case reports have been published in this topic around the world until April, 2012. The most common causative agents were S. pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Because of the little amount of data, it is hard to appreciate the actual incidence and prognosis of this life-threatening illness both for mother and infant. As far as we know this is the first published case report of meningitis during pregnancy in Hungary. By this article we would like to draw attention to the importance of teamwork, of prevention of brain abscess formation and of the removal of the infection's focus

Repair of Failing Spirit Lake Outlet Tunnel at Mount St. Helens

The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens resulted in one of the largest debris avalanches recorded in history. The debris avalanche blocked the natural outlet of Spirit Lake. To prevent an uncontrolled and catastrophic lake break-out, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) constructed the Spirit Lake Outlet Tunnel from 1984 to 1985. Because Spirit Lake is located in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, the project was transferred to the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) for ownership and management. During original tunnel construction, the most difficulty occurred within the 90-m-wide Julie and Kathy L. shear zone complex. In 1996, tunnel walls within this complex experienced significant convergence, which required major repair along a 30 m segment. During inspections in 2014 and 2015, a 10 m segment at the upstream end of the complex, which had experienced slow heave in the past, was observed to have experienced an increase in heave of approximately 0.6 m, which decreased the hydraulic capacity of the tunnel below acceptable limits. The USACE, in accordance with and with funding from the USFS, designed a repair based on the rib set-shotcrete support system that was used for the 1996 repair. In addition to removing and arresting the heave, the 2015 repair was sized to be compatible with a future potential rehabilitation involving stabilizing and re-grading the invert profile of the Julie and Kathy L. shear zone complex. The 2015 repair construction contract was awarded in September 2015 for $3 million

Effect of immersion fluid temperature on the chicken embryo in teratogenicity tests: Short communication

The influence of immersion fluid temperature on the development of the chicken embryo was studied on the day most commonly used for treating incubated eggs in teratological trials. Embryonated eggs were immersed in tap water for 30 min on the 12th day of incubation at 22–25 °C or at incubation temperature without a waiting time or after 30 min. The incubation was then continued and the eggs were processed on day 19 of the incubation period. Treatment of eggs at 22–25 °C caused a significant increase in embryonic mortality, while the 30-min waiting time did not exert an influence on embryogenesis

Production and characterization of spruce wood and bark biochar

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Encapsulated nanocrystals and quantum dots formed by ion beam synthesis

High-dose ion implantation was used to synthesize a wide range of nanocrystals and quantum dots and to encapsulate them in host materials such as SiO{sub 2}, {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and crystalline Si. When Si nanocrystals are encapsulated in SiO{sub 2}, they exhibit dose dependent absorption and photoluminescence which provides insight into the luminescence mechanism. Compound semiconductor nanocrystals (both Group III-V and Group II-VI) can be formed in these matrices by sequential implantation of he individual constituents, and we discuss their synthesis and some of their physical and optical properties

Through-thickness superconducting and normal-state transport properties revealed by thinning of thick film ex situ YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors

A rapid decrease in the critical current density (Jc) of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films with increasing film thickness has been observed for multiple YBCO growth processes. While such behavior is predicted from 2D collective pinning models under certain assumptions, empirical observations of the thickness dependence of Jc are believed to be largely processing dependent at present. To investigate this behavior in ex situ YBCO films, 2.0 and 2.9 um thick YBCO films on ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) - yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates were thinned and repeatedly measured for rho(T) and Jc(H). The 2.9 um film exhibited a constant Jc(77K,SF) through thickness of ~1 MA/cm2 while the 2.0 um film exhibited an increase in Jc(77K,SF) as it was thinned. Neither film offered evidence of significant dead layers, suggesting that further increases in critical current can be obtained by growing thicker YBCO layers.Comment: To appear in Applied Physics Letter

Model field study of Sumithion 50 EC and Fusilade S on pheasants

Toxicological studies on wild animals play an important role in the ecotoxicological examination of pesticides. The applied model tests enable the assessment of toxicological consequences with particular regard to the life and nutrition of wild animals in the ploughed field among plants treated with pesticides. The application of different pesticide formulations on plough-land may pose a simultaneous chemical burden to wild birds. In this model study, manifestations of the interaction between an insecticide and a herbicide were studied in pheasants. The birds were placed on lucerne in cages (48 m2) and sprayed once. The applied doses were: Sumithion 50 EC 1 litre/ha + Fusilade S 6 litres/ha (practical doses) and Sumithion 50 EC 5 litres/ha + Fusilade S 30 litres/ha. The analytically determined pesticide concentration of the lucerne was taken as a basis in the further treatment of fodder. The fodder of pheasants contained the following chemicals: 85 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 510 mg/kg Fusilade S and 425 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 2250 mg/kg Fusilade S. Sporadic deaths observed among the pheasants were of traumatic origin and not due to a toxic effect. The decrease of body weight was significant only at the higher dose levels. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the blood decreased significantly in both dose groups. On the basis of the results obtained it can be established that at the dose level used in the practice the pesticides studied do not give rise to a toxic interaction in pheasants

Interaction of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb) and lead acetate during a teratogenicity test in rats

The teratogenic effects of lead acetate (Trial 1) and the possible teratogenic effect of this compound administered in combination with a fungicide containing 80% mancozeb (Trial 2) were studied in rats. The test substances were administered by gavage on Days 6-15 of gestation. In Trial 1, five groups were treated with lead acetate administered at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg body weight (bwkg), respectively. In Trial 2, lead acetate was applied at doses of 0.1, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/bwkg, respectively. In the latter case the dose of the pesticide was 750 mg/bwkg in all treated groups. Lead acetate was not teratogenic after a single administration. Combined administration of lead acetate and mancozeb gave rise to the following toxic effects: average maternal weight decreased during pregnancy, the ratio of live fetuses decreased after the two lowest doses, and fetal mortality increased in the lowest and in the highest dose groups. The ratio of fetal resorption was higher in all the treated groups than in the control group. A significant decrease occurred in average fetal and placental weight in each treated group as compared to the control. Maternal toxicity was expressed in paralysis of the hindlimbs in the two lowest dose groups. Maternal mortality was between 16.7 and 23.3% at the three dose levels. Phocomelia and hernia cerebri occurred as characteristic fetal developmental anomalies in all the treated groups. It is concluded that the joint administration of lead acetate and a mancozeb-containing fungicide can cause maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and characteristic teratogenic effects

Embryonic toxicity of insecticide Sumithion 50 EC and herbicide Fusilade S in pheasants after individual or combined administration

The purpose of this work was to determine the individual and combined effects of insecticide Sumithion 50 EC (50% fenitrothion) and herbicide Fusilade S (12.5% fluazifop-P-butyl) on the development of pheasant embryos. Eggs were treated by injection of various concentrations of pesticides into the air space on day 12 of incubation. Pathological examination of embryos was carried out on day 23 of the hatching period. Mortality rate, body weight data and morphological alterations were evaluated after the macroscopic examination. The skeletal staining method was used to detect deformities. The two pesticides used in combination moderated the toxic/teratogenic effects of individual treatment