Users of ‘diet’ drinks who think that sweetness is calories

We present the first experiment that was based on a novel analysis of the mental processes of choice. Sensed material characteristics such as the sweetness of a drink and symbolic attributes such as the source of sweetness stated on the label are put into the same units of influence on the response. Most users of low-calorie drinks thought about the energy in a drink quite differently from the way they decided how sweet and how low in calories they liked the drink to be. Also the female diet drink users thought about energy content differently from most of the male users of sugar drinks. In both groups’ ratings of likelihood of choice and in sugar drink users’ estimates of energy content, sweetness and labelled calories were usually treated as separate stimuli or ideas. In contrast, some female diet drink users treated sweetness and perceived calories as the same, whereas no male sugar drink user did. Such findings illustrate how this approach spans the gap between sensory perception and conceptualised knowledge

Mean %PP of plasma amino acid and derivatives measured by CE-MS for lean healthy (LH, n = 10, white bars), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, n = 10, grey bars) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO, n = 10, black bars).

<p>Significant %PP amino acids between the three groups were identified using a non-parametric ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) test followed by a post-hoc Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). Data is presented as mean %PP ± SEM.</p

Associations between amino acids and derivatives, and fatty acids, with fasting and postprandial indices of insulin sensitivity.

<p>Significance was set at p ≤ 0.01 using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Linear regressions were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.</p><p>Associations between amino acids and derivatives, and fatty acids, with fasting and postprandial indices of insulin sensitivity.</p