How Stable Is China? An Economic Perspective

This paper assesses China's economic strengths and vulnerabilities in the current situation and the near-term. It also examines China's potential sources of instability.

Disequilibrium in development finance: the contested politics of institutional accountability and transparency at the World Bank inspection panel

This article examines the dynamic nature with which independent accountability mechanisms operate. Focusing on the World Bank, the authors argue that its Inspection Panel evolves according to internal and external pressures. In seeking to achieve equilibrium, and protect its authority and independence, the Panel has gone through several distinct phases: negotiation, emergence, protracted resistance, assertion of independence and authority, renewed tension, and contestation. The core novelty of the article is its application of concepts from outside the field of development studies — notably institutional accountability from the governance literature, and judicialization from the legal studies literature — to the topic of the Inspection Panel. Examining the Panel in this way demonstrates that accountability mechanisms represent a hybrid of transnational governance influenced by a range of actors including project-affected peoples, national governments, managers and development donors. Accountability in development finance is about competing interests as well as competing conceptions and expectations of accountability. In such a complex and multi-scalar system, the Panel is not only concerned with delivering well-researched investigation reports; it is also an entity seeking to ensure its own survival, as well as an arbiter of its own brand of legitimacy and accountability. © 2018 The Authors. Development and Change published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Institute of Social Studie

Contribution à l'étude de l'oxydation des alliages Cu-Ni. 1. Structure des monocristaux préparés par la technique de Bridgman. 2. Oxydation ménagée des monocristaux

Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Improving methylphenidate titration in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized controlled trial using placebo-controlled titration implemented in clinical practice

Education and Child Studie

Do effects of methylphenidate on cognitive performance last beyond treatment? A randomized placebo-controlled trial in boys and men with ADHD

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-choice pharmacological treatment for treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) across the lifespan. However, it is unclear whether MPH affects cognitive development, while recent (pre-) clinical studies suggest effects on the developing brain. The present randomized, placebo-controlled trial aims to determine whether MPH has short-term, age-dependent effects on cognitive performance in ADHD after a 1-week washout. Effects of 16 weeks MPH treatment were assessed after a one-week washout on cognitive functioning. Boys (age=10–12) and men (age=23–40) with ADHD were assigned to MPH treatment (boys n=25, men n=24) or placebo (boys n=25, men n=24). Outcome measures were working memory, response inhibition, response speed, episodic memory, and delay aversion. Differences in task performances over time (pre-, mid-, and post-treatment, following a 1-week wash-out) were compared between age and treatment conditions with mixed ANOVAs. MPH improved working memory and response speed, but only during treatment. No lasting age*treatment effects were observed post intervention. Overall, the results from the present randomized, placebo-controlled trial show that the effects of MPH on cognition do not extend past treatment in children or adults. While treatment with MPH improves cognition during treatment, these effects appear transient after 16-weeks of treatment. (Title trial: “Effects of methylphenidate on the developing brain”; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3103