Development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and almond shell flour with different compatibilizers

[EN] This work reports the enhancement of the properties of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites containing 30 wt% almond shell flour (ASF) by using different compatibilizer families: epoxy, maleic anhydride and acrylic. With regard to the epoxy compatibilizers, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) were used. Two maleic anhydride-derived compatibilizers, namely, maleinized linseed oil (MLO) and dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) were used. Finally, two acrylic monomers, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were employed. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized PBS/ASF composites were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, morphology, thermal behaviour and thermomechanical performance. The obtained results suggest that all three vegetable oil-derived compatibilizers (ELO, ESBO and MLO) give a remarkable increase in ductile properties while poor compatibilization is obtained with the acrylic monomers. These vegetable-oil derived compatibilizers could represents an interesting environmentally friendly solution to compatibilizing polyester-type polymers and their composites with lignocellulosic materials.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) grant numbers MAT2014-59242-C2-1-R and MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R. L. Quiles-Carrillo acknowledges Generalitat Valenciana (GV) for financial support through a FPI grant (ACIF/2016/182) and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (MECD) for his FPU grant (FPU15/03812).Liminana, P.; Garcia-Sanoguera, D.; Quiles-Carrillo, L.; Balart, R.; Montanes, N. (2018). Development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and almond shell flour with different compatibilizers. Composites Part B Engineering. 144:153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.031S15316214

Innovative solutions and challenges to increase the use of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in food packaging and disposables

[EN] Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has gain in recent years a huge interest in the food packaging field due to its renewable origin from waste as well as non-food crops, high mechanical strength, medium-to-high barrier performance, and inherent biodegradability in natural environments. Despite these advantages, PHB also shows a narrow processing window and high brittleness since this homopolyester shows low thermal stability and high crystallinity, limiting its industrial application. The present review provides an updated state of the art of the most relevant aspects in terms of processing and properties of PHB materials with a particular emphasis for their use in sustainable food packaging. It also describes the most potential strategies that can be applied to improve both the processability and mechanical properties of PHB, including the melt blending with green plasticizers and flexible biodegradable polymers as well as the development of more ductile co-polyesters. Finally, the waste management of the newly developed PHB-based articles is discussed, from their potential compostability to develop more biopolymers to more economically favored alternatives such as mechanical and chemical recycling technologies.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain), grant PID2021-123753NA-C32 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", by the "European Union"; Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) by CIRCULAGROPLAST, a research Project that has been funded by the Comunidad de Madrid through the call Research Grants for Young Investigators from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; as well as by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) through the BEST Program (CIBEST/2021/94). S. Torres-Giner acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain) for his Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC2019-027784-I).Garcia-Garcia, D.; Quiles-Carrillo, L.; Balart, R.; Torres-Giner, S.; Arrieta, MP. (2022). Innovative solutions and challenges to increase the use of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in food packaging and disposables. European Polymer Journal. 178:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.11150512017

Study, mechanical characterization and mathematical modeling of compatible SEBS blends for industrial applications in orthopedics and childcare

"This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering on JUL 15 2013, available online:www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03602559.2013.763363"In this work, a system of compatible blends based on two commercial grades of a thermoplastic elastomer, styrene-ethylene/ butylene-styrene (SEBS), with extreme Shore A hardness values (5 and 90), was studied in order to obtain a range of different performance blends for orthopedic and childcare applications, where usually liquid silicone rubber is used. Mechanical properties of different blends were obtained, and Equivalent Box Model (EBM) was used for the prediction of the mechanical behavior. The results show good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental data of new blends of SEBS.The authors thank "Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia", Ref: DPI2007-66849-C02-02 and Generalitat Valenciana FPA/2010/027 for financial support.Juárez Varón, D.; García Sanoguera, D.; Ferrándiz Bou, S.; Peydro, MA.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2013). Study, mechanical characterization and mathematical modeling of compatible SEBS blends for industrial applications in orthopedics and childcare. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 52(9):862-868. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.763363S862868529Xiao, D., Mo, Y., & Choi, M. M. F. (2003). A hand-held optical sensor for dissolved oxygen measurement. Measurement Science and Technology, 14(6), 862-867. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/14/6/323Sagripanti, J.-L., & Bonifacino, A. (1996). Comparative sporicidal effect of liquid chemical germicides on three medical devices contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis. 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Study of the properties of thermoset materials derived from epoxidized soybean oil and protein fillers

[EN] Novel bio-based thermoset formulations were prepared by using epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), nadic methyl anhydride as a hardener and with different types of proteins as fillers. In the first part of the study, the effect of the protein-type (wheat gluten, soy protein, casein and ovalbumin) on cured ESBO materials was investigated. Thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by flexural tests, Shore D hardness, Charpy impact tests, Vicat softening temperature and heat deflection temperature. In addition, a study of the morphology of fractured surfaces by scanning electron microscopy was carried out. In general, the addition of protein-based fillers improved the mechanical and thermal properties. It was found that the highest increase of thermal and mechanical properties was achieved by ovalbumin. In the second part of the work, the effect of the total amount of ovalbumin filler was studied. Bio-based thermoset materials from ESBO and 15 wt % ovalbumin improved flexural modulus more than 150 % when compared to the unfilled material. Similar evolution was observed for other mechanical properties. Moreover, the brittleness of this composition was the minimum from the studied systems. A direct relationship between energy absorption capacity and morphologies of the failure surface was evidenced by SEM.This work is a part of the project IPT-310000-2010-037,"ECOTEXCOMP: Research and development of textile structures useful as reinforcement of composite materials with marked ecological character" funded by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion", with an aid of 189540.20 euros, within the "Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica 2008-2011" and funded by the European Union through FEDER funds, Technology Fund 2007-2013, "Operational Programme on R+D+I for and on behalf of the companies". Also, Generalitat Valenciana ACOMP/2012/087 is acknowledged for financial support.Fombuena Borrás, V.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; Samper Madrigal, MD.; Juárez Varón, D.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2013). Study of the properties of thermoset materials derived from epoxidized soybean oil and protein fillers. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 90(3):449-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2171-2S449457903Alonso MV, Oliet M, Garcia J, Rodriguez F, Echeverria J (2006) Gelation and isoconversional kinetic analysis of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resol resins cure. Chem Eng J 122:159–166Altuna FI, Esposito LH, Ruseckaite RA, Stefani PM (2011) Thermal and mechanical properties of anhydride-cured epoxy resins with different contents of bio-based epoxidized soybean oil. J Appl Polym Sci 120:789–798Boquillon N, Fringant C (2000) Polymer networks derived from curing of epoxidised linseed oil: influence of different catalysts and anhydride hardeners. 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Thermal properties comparison of hybrid CF/FF and BF/FF cyanate ester-based composites

[EN] Insights within thermal expansion, conductivity, and decomposition dependencies with temperature on symmetrical and unsymmetrical layered carbon (CF) or basalt (BF) fabrics in combination with flax fibers (FF) were approached. Driven by commercial application and environmental concerns, the paper draws attention on a modified formula of cyanate ester with a common epoxy resin under an optimized ratio of 70:30 (vol%) as well as on the hybrid reinforcements stacking sequences. Synergetic effects were debated in terms of the CF and BF stacking sequences and corresponding volume fraction followed by comparisons with values predicted by the deployment of hybrid mixtures rules (RoHM/iRoHM). CF hybrid architectures revealed enhanced effective thermophysical properties over their BF counterparts and both over the FF-reinforced polymer composite considered as a reference. Thermal conductivities spread between 0.116 and 0.299 W m-1 K-1 from room temperature up to 250 C on all hybrid specimens, giving rise to an insulator character. Concerning the coefficient of thermal expansion, CF hybrid architectures disclosed values of 1.236 10-6 K-1 and 3.102 10-6 K-1 compared with BF affine exhibiting 4.794 10-6 K-1 and 6.245 10-6 K-1, respectively, with an increase in their volume fraction.The corresponding author gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance of German Academic Exchange Service-DAAD that enabled and supported the internship with Fraunhofer Research Institution for Polymeric Materials and Composites-PYCO, Germany. Many thanks go to Dr. Christian Dreyer and Dr. Maciej Gwiazda for the resin formula and access to the composite manufacturing technology.Motoc, DL.; Ferrándiz Bou, S.; Balart, R. (2018). Thermal properties comparison of hybrid CF/FF and BF/FF cyanate ester-based composites. 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