Comparing Simulations and Graphical Representations of Complexities of Benchmark and Large-Variable Circuits

In this work, we analyzes the relationship between randomly generated Boolean function complexity and the number of nodes in benchmark circuits using the Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD). We generated BDDs for several ISCAS benchmark circuits and derived the area complexity measure in terms of number of nodes. We demonstrate that the benchmarks and randomly generated Boolean functions behave similarly in terms of area complexity. The experiments were extended to a large number of variables to verify the complexity behavior. It was confirmed that the rise of the complexity graph is only important to calculate the circuit complexities

The joy stick technique: an easy, reliable, safe and cost effective, technique in closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children

Background: Supra condylar fractures of humerus account for approximately 16% of all pediatric fractures. This produces an extension type fracture in 97–99%. Flexion type accounting for 1-3%. This often causes significant morbidity due to malunion (gun-stock deformity) reported in 12 to 20%, while neurovascular complications and compartment syndrome is documented in worse scenarios.Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 24 cases of supracondylar humerus fracture between June 2017 to June 2021. Both males and females aged 3 years to 12 years, within 5 days of injury, with modified Gartland’s type III and type IV, without compartment syndrome were included and followed up for 6 months to one year. The fracture was closely reduced using a 2-2.5 mm k-wire (joystick) in proximal fragment placed 5-7 cm proximal to fracture line and fixed with multiple percutaneous pinning under C-arm. All the patients were followed for rate of union and functional outcome using Flynn’s criteria.Results: All the 24 cases were managed by closed maneuver with the help of a joy stick. This reduces the surgical time and stress, preventing opening of fracture. Outcome was assessed in each follow up using Flynn’s criteria. 87.5% of patients had good to excellent outcomes.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that good functional outcomes are expected in supracondylar fracture regardless of age at injury, sex, weight, side of extremity provided satisfactory reduction by closed technique with help of joy stick. This simple technique reduces surgical stress, duration of surgery and also minimizes the C-arm exposure

Cracking of enigma of Evans: a rare association with Sjogren and systemic lupus erythematosus

Evans syndrome (ES) is characterized by the simultaneous or consecutive occurrence of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) along with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and less commonly, autoimmune neutropenia. It may manifest spontaneously or as a result of autoimmune, malignancy or lymphoproliferative disease. Clinical manifestations may be associated with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia, potentially leading to life-threatening outcomes. ES is a rare diagnosis of exclusion. Due to its infrequency, the treatment is typically empirical, relying largely on intravenous corticosteroids or immunoglobulins. We are presenting case of a 46-year-old- female with bleeding from the mouth and gums and rashes all over the body with no prior diagnosis of rheumatological disorder. This case is pivotal as it highlights a key factor contributing to ES and presents a pragmatic method for addressing the condition

Improvement of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yield and quality through biotechnological approach: A review

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), an old-world grain legume, is grown approximately in 3 m/ha area world-wide from temperate, tropical to hot arid conditions. It is such a wonderful legume that it can excel even under adverse soil conditions; acidic or saline alkaline (pH 4.5 to 9.0). In favourable conditions, it gives very high yields, but low yield may result from biotic and abiotic stress. In India, it is still treated as minor legume. Genetic transformation based on Agrobacteria is possible. Several random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a gene determining hypersensitive resistance to race 1 of the rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) have been reported. Molecular breeding for resistance to broomrape, Ascochyta blight, rust, and chocolate spot have been obtained. The use of marker assisted selection (MAS) can complement conventional breeding by speeding up the selection of desirable traits and increasing selection efficiency. Recently, markers linked to a gene controlling growth habit or to select against traits affecting the nutritional value of seeds have also been reported. Lack of suitable cultivar can be easily overcome by application of modern tools and techniques. Several in-vitro techniques would be very useful for faba bean breeding. New techniques such as protoplast fusion, regeneration, and embryo-rescue assisted interspecific crossing could probably be introduced to V. faba L. to improve yield and quality. This review work examines the role of various techniques with reference to faba bean improvement.Key words: Vicia faba, faba bean, grain quality, resistance breeding, nitrogen fixation, zero tannin

Quantum chemical investigation of the reaction of O(<SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>2</SUB>) with certain hydrocarbon radicals

The reaction of ground-state atomic oxygen [O(3P2)] with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl radicals has been studied using the density functional method and the complete basis set model. The energies of the reactants, products, reaction intermediates and various transition states as well as the reaction enthalpies have been computed. The possible product channels and the reaction pathways are identified in each case. In the case of methyl radical the minimum energy reaction pathway leads to the products CO + H2 + H. In the case of ethyl radical the most facile pathway leads to the products, methanal + CH3 radical. For propyl radical (n- and iso-), the minimum energy reaction pathways would lead to the channel containing ethanal + methyl radical

Removal of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic from water using chemically modified chitosan beads

479-487A novel process for chemical modification of chitosan with iron oxide and potassium permanganate was developed and the beads of the modified material have been prepared for the removal of the two forms of the metalloid Arsenic - As(III) and As(V)from water in the concentration range 5-40 mg L-1. The maximum adsorption capacity (pH 7.0) is 43.28 and 32.26 mg g-1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The chemically modified chitosan beads are regenerated for successive treatment cycles through alkali treatment. The regenerated beads show negligible loss in their removal efficiency of As(III) and As(V). Overall, the study provides a novel process for fabrication of low-cost composite material of chitosan for enhanced removal of Arsenic. This report will facilitate the development and up-scaling of low-cost treatment technologies for adsorptive removal of Arsenic from water

CoroNetGAN: Controlled Pruning of GANs via Hypernetworks

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have proven to exhibit remarkable performance and are widely used across many generative computer vision applications. However, the unprecedented demand for the deployment of GANs on resource-constrained edge devices still poses a challenge due to huge number of parameters involved in the generation process. This has led to focused attention on the area of compressing GANs. Most of the existing works use knowledge distillation with the overhead of teacher dependency. Moreover, there is no ability to control the degree of compression in these methods. Hence, we propose CoroNet-GAN for compressing GAN using the combined strength of differentiable pruning method via hypernetworks. The proposed method provides the advantage of performing controllable compression while training along with reducing training time by a substantial factor. Experiments have been done on various conditional GAN architectures (Pix2Pix and CycleGAN) to signify the effectiveness of our approach on multiple benchmark datasets such as Edges-to-Shoes, Horse-to-Zebra and Summer-to-Winter. The results obtained illustrate that our approach succeeds to outperform the baselines on Zebra-to-Horse and Summer-to-Winter achieving the best FID score of 32.3 and 72.3 respectively, yielding high-fidelity images across all the datasets. Additionally, our approach also outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in achieving better inference time on various smart-phone chipsets and data-types making it a feasible solution for deployment on edge devices

Valorisation of CO 2 into Value-Added Products via Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES) and Electro-Fermentation Technology

Microbial electrocatalysis reckons on microbes as catalysts for reactions occurring at electrodes. Microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells are well-known in this context; both prefer the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter for producing electricity. Notably, the synthesis of high energy-density chemicals (fuels) or their precursors by microorganisms using bio-cathode to yield electrical energy is called Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES), giving an exceptionally appealing novel way for producing beneficial products from electricity and wastewater. This review accentuates the concept, importance and opportunities of MES, as an emerging discipline at the nexus of microbiology and electrochemistry. Production of organic compounds from MES is considered as an effective technique for the generation of various beneficial reduced end-products (like acetate and butyrate) as well as in reducing the load of CO2 from the atmosphere to mitigate the harmful effect of greenhouse gases in global warming. Although MES is still an emerging technology, this method is not thoroughly known. The authors have focused on MES, as it is the next transformative, viable alternative technology to decrease the repercussions of surplus carbon dioxide in the environment along with conserving energy

Identification and quantification of biological active constituents of Amritarishta, a herbal formulation

Herbal formulations have been used by Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medication for a long time. Amritarishtais one of the herbal formulations that possess various biological activity viz., antioxidant, anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic,antidiabetic, etc. The active constituents include gallic acid, tannic acid, piperine, and quercetin, etc. Ethanolic extract of theformulation was analysed and quantified. Rf (Retardation factor), functional groups and amount of some of the major chemicalconstituents were analysed by TLC, FTIR, LC/MS, HPTLC and HPLC, respectively. LC/MS results reveal the presence ofquercetin, piperine, tannic acid and gallic acid in the formulation. With the help of HPTLC and HPLC, the quantity of 4chemical constituents in the formulation was estimated. This type of study is completely new to herbal research