Selected copper(I) complexes as potential anticancer agent

Choroby nowotworowe są drugą co do częstości występowania przyczyną zgonów na świecie. Jednym z metali przejściowych, którego związki kompleksowe są intensywnie badane pod kątem zastosowania w terapii antynowotworowej jest miedź. W artykule, na wybranych przykładach, omówiono aktywność i mechanizmy cytotoksycznego działania kompleksów miedzi(I).Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death in the world. One of the transition metal, whose complexes are extensively tested for antitumor application is copper. This article presents selected examples of cytotoxic activity and mode of action of copper(I) complexes

Psychomotor Functions and Interval Timing in Patients Receiving Intravenous Anesthesia for Endoscopic Procedures: The Pilot Study

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate two measures in a cognitive examination: psychomotor function and the perception of time (PT) in patients after intravenous anesthesia for endoscopic procedures. Material and Methods. We tested 23 anesthetized patients (Anesthesia Group, AG) and 17 not anesthetized patients (Control Group, CG). The Dufour Cross-Shaped Apparatus (DA) was used to assess quick reactions. Perception of time (PT) was measured for 1-, 2-, 5-, and 7-second intervals. The tests were performed before the anesthesia was administered and 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after the procedure was completed. Results. The intervals that were generated and the reproduced visual stimuli were shorter than the patterns. The reproduced 1- and 2-second auditory stimuli were longer than the patterns. The remaining reproduced auditory impulses were shorter than the patterns. Conclusions. In anesthetized patients, quick psychomotor reactions and the ability to time intervals are preserved 1.5 h and later after intravenous anesthesia for endoscopy

Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes and quality of life in patients with severe mitral regurgitation treated by MitraClip implantation or treated conservatively

Introduction: The most common alternative method of treatment for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) is the implantation of a MitraClip device. Aim: To evaluate clinical and echocardiographic outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in patients with severe secondary MR, disqualified from surgical intervention, treated by implantation of a MitraClip in comparison to conservative therapy. Material and methods: A total of 33 patients were included. Patients were stratified by treatment method: group A, MitraClip implantation (n = 10); group B, conservative treatment (n = 23). Clinical, echocardiographic, and QoL (EQ-5D-3L, SF-12v2 Health Survey) characteristics were compared at baseline and at follow-up of 8.0 ±2.3 months. Results: In group A, 2 deaths were observed: one patient died 7 days after MitraClip implantation, and the second patient died 4 months after the procedure. No cases of rehospitalization were reported. In group B, 4 (17.4%) deaths and 6 (26.1%) hospitalizations were reported. After MitraClip implantation a significant reduction of the NYHA class (p = 0.02), decrease in grade of MR (p = 0.01), vena contracta width (p = 0.006), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) (p = 0.003), regurgitant volume (p = 0.03) and end-diastolic left ventricle diameter (p = 0.02) as well as an improvement in QoL were reported. There were no significant changes in the NYHA class and QoL in the group treated conservatively. In those patients, we observed increased intercommissural mitral annulus diameter (p = 0.03), left atrium diameter (p = 0.002), and right ventricle dimension (p = 0.008), more severe tricuspid regurgitation (p = 0.02) and lower mitral annular plane systolic excursion (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with severe secondary MR treated with the MitraClip achieved a significant reduction in symptoms and MR grade, as well as an improvement in QoL, as compared to patients treated conservatively

Assessment of the implementation level of the guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in everyday clinical practice

Background: The goal of secondary prevention is to hinder the recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients already diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. Aims: We aimed to assess the level of adherence to guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in everyday clinical practice. Methods: This was a single‑center retrospective analysis of 460 consecutive rehospitalized patients previously diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The presence of main risk factors for cardiovascular disease was analyzed in this cohort. Results: Overall, 80.7% of patients did not comply with the body mass index recommendations. Among nondiabetic patients, 43.5% exceeded the recommended blood glucose level and 55.5% of diabetic patients exceeded the recommended level of glycated hemoglobin. Total cholesterol level was higher than recommended in 13.5% of patients, the level of low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was exceeded in 78.7% individuals, and the level of triglycerides was over the limit in 30.2% of patients. Systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg was recorded in 41.3% of patients. Low level of physical activity was declared by 56.7% of the studied patients and 14.6% of them admitted to being current tobacco smokers. No patient fulfilled all of the main prevention goals (body weight, no smoking, LDL cholesterol level, glucose level, systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure) and in 10.2% of cases none of the above‑mentioned criteria were achieved. Significant difference in the implementation level of the guidelines was found between the sexes, with men showing lower adherence than women. Conclusions: The level of adherence to the guidelines for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease was extremely low, with men being worse responders than women

Przyczynek do powstania sądów apelacji olsztyńskiej 1945-1947

The article describes the creation of institutions of justice, especially in the former East Prussia, belonging to the district Court of Appeal in Olsztyn in 1945–1947. In addition, highlighting the problems associated with the formation of individual district courts and municipal courts belonging to appeal Olsztyn. It also includes the conditions in which they functioned first fruit farmers working in the Warmia and Mazury and obstacles, which have to face in their work

Level of Service Discipline of Militiamen Illustrated By the Example of Olsztyn Voivodeship

The article reveals militia work from Olsztyn voivodeship. It shows the first years of the command and the problems handled by the officers, the state of professional discipline, the level of education and training

Szkolnictwo policyjne w II Rzeczypospolitej — zarys problemu

Tekst dotyczy historii szkolnictwa policyjnego w latach 1919–1939. Odbudowa polskiej państwowości po I wojnie światowej związana była z powołaniem w 1919 r. służby odpowiadającej za bezpieczeństwo i porządek w kraju. Równolegle z organizacją Policji Państwowej trwały prace nad stworzeniem nowoczesnego systemu szkolnictwa policyjnego. Przez okres istnienia tej formacji dokonywano wielu reorganizacji mających na celu stworzenie systemu, który zapewni profesjonalne przygotowanie policjantów do służby. Artykuł przedstawia jedynie zarys zmian związanych z edukacją policyjną w okresie międzywojennym i nie wyczerpuje w pełni tej problematyki

Citizens’ militia officers in the prosecutors’ assessment in Olsztyn’s Court of Appeal

The relations between the prosecutors in Olsztyn’s Court of Appeal to information deriving from the public administration, are an interesting source for understanding socio-economic and political development in the first years after the War in Warmia and Mazury. This article presents the activities of the militia from Olsztyn province and several counties belonging to the province of Białystok. The opinion of the prosecutors of Olsztyn’s Court of Appeal concerning the attitudes of officers, their morale, level of education and training for service are presented. Alongside the opinions of the prosecutors concerning the functionaries, especially from the investigate division, the outlook of judges regarding the activities of the militiamen and their mistakes is presented

Complexes of ruthenium and copper with potential application in medicine

Mimo odkrycia cisplatyny choroby nowotworową są drugą co do częstości występowania przyczyną zgonów na świecie. Udowodniona przez Rosenberga aktywność antynowotworowa związku kompleksowego platyny(II) zapoczątkowała próby znalezienia kompleksów innych metali o cytotoksycznych właściwościach. Celem pracy była synteza związków koordynacyjnych Cu(I) oraz Ru(II) z ligandami zawierającymi ugrupowanie azowe N=N, 1-(2-pirydylazo)-2-naftolem (PAN) oraz 4-(2-pirydylazo)rezorcynolem (PAR). Przypuszcza się, że związki takie mogłyby cechować się cytotoksycznością w wyniku działania na glutation na drodze mechanizmu analogicznego do przedstawionego w literaturze naukowej. W prezentowanej pracy otrzymano związki: Cu(I) z PAR i trifenylofosfiną (PPh3) (1:1:2), Cu(I) z PAN i PPh3 (1:1:2) oraz Ru(II) z PAN, anionem cyklopentadienylowym i PPh3 (1:1:1:1). Strukturę kompleksów potwierdzono następującymi technikami badawczymi: NMR, MS, EPR, EA, natomiast stabilność oraz reaktywność chemiczną badano przy wykorzystaniu spektroskopii UV-Vis. Dla kompleksu Cu(I) z PAN i PPh3 wyznaczono również strukturę krystaliczną. Opracowane metody syntez kompleksów miedzi(I) oraz rutenu(II) zachęcają do dalszych prób otrzymania stabilnych związków o podobnej budowie i potencjalnej aktywności biologicznej. Dla otrzymanych i scharakteryzowanych kompleksów planowane są badania cytotoksyczności na liniach nowotworowych in vitro.Despite discovering cisplatin, cancer are second most frequent cause of dead in the world. Anticancer activity of platinium proved by Rosenberg opened a new chapter and resulted in synthesis of other metal complexes with cytotoxic activity. The main aim of MS project was to synthesize complexes of Cu(I) and Ru(II) with ligands possessing azo group N=N: 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The ligands are supposed to have anticancer mode of action similar to that proposed in literature. The following three complexes: Cu(I) with PAR and triphenyphosphine (1:1:2), Cu(I) with PAN and triphenyphosphine (1:1:2), Ru(II) with PAN, cyclopentadienyl anion and triphenyphosphine (1:1:1:1) were successfully synthesized. Structure of the obtained complexes was confirmed by techniques such as: NMR, MS, EPR, whereas stability and chemical reactivity were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Structure of the Cu(I) complex with PAN and triphenyphosphine was also confirmed by X-ray scattering technique. Elaborated ruthenium and copper complexes synthesis methods encourage for further investigation of similar compounds with potential biological activity. For the obtained and characterized complexes cytotoxic tests on tumour cell lines in vitro are planned