Sevoflurane Intoxication: A Fatal Suicide

A fatal suicide of sevoflurane is presented in this report. A 20-year-old female anesthesia technichian student was found dead lying on her back in dormitory room. The crime scene investigator reported that there was a 250 mL bottle labeled “sevorane liquid 100%” on the table. During the autopsy, no traumatic injuries were found that could have caused the death. Histopathological evaluation of internal organs revealed focal areas of atelectasis and congestion in the lungs, autolysis and congestion in the pancreas, and congestion liver, heart, kidney, brain, cerebellum, and brainstem. Screening for drugs and their metabolites was conducted in blood, urine, and internal organs using enzyme immunoassays along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). No traces of any substances, including ethanol, were discovered through the toxicological evaluation. Sevoflurane was identified and quantified using headspace gas chromatography, indicating a concentration of 41.0 μg/ mL in the blood. This substance was also confirmed in the gastric content through GC/MS analysis. It was reported that the death of the person occurred as a result of ingestion of sevoflurane and accompanying complications

He Analysıs Of Wınd Data Wıth Rayleıgh Dıstrıbutıon And Optımum Turbıne And Cost Analysıs In Elmadağ,Turkey

In this study, wind energy potential of Elmadağ region is analyzed statistically by using the data of wind speed that is measured hourly between 2012-2013 years, then economic analysis of wind investment in the region has been studied. Wind turbine parameters and wind speed distribution in the region play an important role to get energy. Therefore, firstly, Rayleigh statistical method is used for the research of region’s wind energy potential. Wind speed data of region, scale parameters value, energy density quantity, the most common wind speed, speed values that have maximum contribution to energy generation are calculated monthly and annually with this method. In the second part of the study, amount of energy generation and capacity factors are calculated annually by using three different turbines. Finally, cost analysis of investment is made by various calculation methods and economic profitability is calculated. According to results, the most convenient and profitable turbine is determined by compariso

VIKOR Yöntemi ile Güç Sistemi için Ekonomi ve Çevre YönündenYük Dağıtımı

Ekonomiyi ve çevreyi göz önünde bulundurarak yapılan yük dağıtımı, güç sistemlerinde önemli bir konudur. Ekonomik yük dağıtımı, talep edilen enerjiyi minimum maliyet ile üretmeyi hedefler. Yükü, jeneratörler arasında yakıt maliyetini azaltacak şekilde dağıtır. Öte yandan, termik santraller enerji üretmek için dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ve çevre kirliliğine nedne olmaktadır. En ekonomik maliyet ile enerji üretmek iyidir fakat çevrenin korunması da dikkate alınmalıdır. Çevresel yük dağıtımı, talep edilen enerjiyi minimum emisyon ile üretmeyi hedefler. Bu durum sağlıklı olarak ve temiz bir çevrede yaşamak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, ekonomik ve çevresel yük dağıtımı problemleri, maliyet ve emisyonu incelemek için altı jeneratörden oluşan bir güç sistemine uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma için VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR).Load dispatch considering economy and environment is an important issue at power systems. Economic load dispatch aims to generate demanded energy with minimum cost. It dispatches the load among generators by decreasing fuel cost. Otherwise, thermal plants are used commonly in the world to generate energy and they cause to environmental pollution. Energy generation with the most economic cost is good but protection of environment must be considered. Environmental load dispatch aims to generate demanded energy with minimum emission. It is significant for living in good health and clean environment. In this study, economic and environmental load dispatch problems are applied to a power system that consists of six generators to investigate cost and emission. VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is used for this study. VIKOR is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. It gives the most ideal solution for the problem

Morphometric and allozymic differences between Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus (Aves: Passeriformes) subpopulations in a large wetland and a small pond in central Anatolia, Turkey

The Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) is a small passerine bird occurring only in wetland habitats. Three subspecies of the Bearded Tit are known from Turkey. The endemic subspecies Panurus biarmicus kosswigi has only been recorded from Amik Lake in Turkey. This subspecies is now considered extinct; the apparent cause of this extinction was the drought affecting the lake. Other subpopulations might be similarly threatened by habitat loss. Therefore, it is important to investigate the morphometric characteristics and genetic variation of these local subpopulations. In this study, body weights and 12 morphometric characters were measured for Bearded Tit individuals in the Eber Lake and Behiçbey reedbed subpopulations. Statistically significant differences were found in extended wing length, maximum wing chord, and weight between the 2 subpopulations. Allozymic variation was also studied in the 2 subpopulations. Genetic variation was assessed using isozyme systems, and 8 of 21 loci (Pgm, Me-I, Me-II, Fum, Est, Mpi, Pgd, and Acon-M) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher at Eber Lake ($P_{95}$ = 38.1%) than in the Behiçbey reedbed ($P_{95}$ = 33.3%). The mean $F_{ST}$ (0.048) and Nm (5.0) values showed high levels of gene flow between these subpopulationsThe Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) is a small passerine bird occurring only in wetland habitats. Three subspecies of the Bearded Tit are known from Turkey. The endemic subspecies Panurus biarmicus kosswigi has only been recorded from Amik Lake in Turkey. This subspecies is now considered extinct; the apparent cause of this extinction was the drought affecting the lake. Other subpopulations might be similarly threatened by habitat loss. Therefore, it is important to investigate the morphometric characteristics and genetic variation of these local subpopulations. In this study, body weights and 12 morphometric characters were measured for Bearded Tit individuals in the Eber Lake and Behiçbey reedbed subpopulations. Statistically significant differences were found in extended wing length, maximum wing chord, and weight between the 2 subpopulations. Allozymic variation was also studied in the 2 subpopulations. Genetic variation was assessed using isozyme systems, and 8 of 21 loci (Pgm, Me-I, Me-II, Fum, Est, Mpi, Pgd, and Acon-M) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher at Eber Lake ($P_{95}$ = 38.1%) than in the Behiçbey reedbed ($P_{95}$ = 33.3%). The mean $F_{ST}$ (0.048) and Nm (5.0) values showed high levels of gene flow between these subpopulation

Büyük akşamcı yarasa’nın “Nyctalus lasiopterus” (Chiroptera: vespertilionidae) güneybatı Türkiye’deki Yayılışı morfolojisi ve karyolojisi üzerine katkılar

Büyük akşamcı yarasa olarak bilinen Nyctalus lasiopterus’un üçüncü kaydı Güneybatı Anadolu’dan bu çalışmayla verildi. Bu türün propatagium’u ve önkolu boyunca kanat membranının alt kısmını da örten sırt kürkü homojen bir şekilde koyu kahverengidir. Kafa iskeleti cinsin karakteristik özelliklerini yansıtmaktadır. Bununla birlikte exoccipal kemik arkaya doğru konveks bir yapı göstermekte ve kafaya üstten bakıldığında belirgin olarak ggörülmektedir. Beyin kapsülünün orta kısmında küçük bir çöküntü bulunmaktadır. Diş formülü i: 2, c:1, pm:1, m: 3 / i: 3, c:1, pm: 2, m: 3= 32’dir. Diploid kromozom ve kromozom kol sayısı sırasıyla 2n= 42 ve FN= 54 olarak saptanmıştır.The Greater Noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus, was recorded from southwestern Turkey for the third time. The dorsal fur of the Greater Noctule, which also covers the underpart of the wing membrane, along with the forearm and propatagium, is uniformly dark brown. The cranium shows typical characteristics of the noctule bats. In addition to these, the exoccipital is convex and is markedly visible in the planar view of the skull. There is a small depression mid braincase. The dental formula is i: 2, c: 1, pm: 1, m: 3/i: 3, c: 1, pm: 2, m: 3 = 32. The diploid number of chromosomes and the number of chromosomal arms are 2n = 42 and FN = 54, respectively

Speech and language therapy for aphasia following subacute stroke

The aim of this study was to investigate the time window, duration and intensity of optimal speech and language therapy applied to aphasic patients with subacute stroke in our hospital. The study consisted of 33 patients being hospitalized for stroke rehabilitation in our hospital with first stroke but without previous history of speech and language therapy. Sixteen sessions of impairment-based speech and language therapy were applied to the patients, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks. Aphasia assessment in stroke patients was performed with Gülhane Aphasia Test-2 before and after treatment. Compared with before treatment, fluency of speech, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, oral motor evaluation, automatic speech, repetition and naming were improved after treatment. This suggests that 16 seesions of speech and language therapy, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks, are effective in the treatment of aphasic patients with subacute stroke

Investigation of Geriatric Patients with Abdominal Pain Admitted to Emergency Department

Introduction. The aim of this study is to detect the possible reasons of abdominal pain in the patients aged 65 and older admitted to emergency department (ED) with complaint of abdominal pain which is not related to trauma, to determine the length of hospitalization of old (65–75 age) and elderly (aged 75 and older) patients, and to define the hospitalization and mortality rates. Material and Methods. In the study, 336 patients were included. Groups were compared in respect to gender, internal or surgical prediagnoses, complaints accompanying abdominal pain, vital findings, comorbidities, requested consultations, hospitalizing service, waiting time in the ED and in the hospital, and treatment methods. Results. Of the patients, 48.2% were male, and 51.8% were female. While 52.4% of the patients were in 65–74 age group, 47.6% of them were aged 75 years and above. An internal disease was detected in 76.8% of the patients as an origin of abdominal pain. Most common prediagnoses were biliary diseases and diseases related to biliary tract followed by nonspecific abdominal pain, abdominal pain secondary to malignity, ileus, and acute gastroenteritis, respectively. The most frequent finding accompanying abdominal pain was vomiting. The most frequent chronic disease accompanying abdominal pain was hypertension in both age groups. We observed that 75.9% of the patients required consultation. We detected that 48.8% of the patients with abdominal pain were hospitalized and they were hospitalized mostly by gastroenterology ward (24.8%). Surgical treatments were applied to the 17.6% of the patients with abdominal pain. Conclusion. Clinical findings become indistinct by age, and differential diagnosis of abdominal pain gets more difficult in geriatric patients. Therefore, physicians should consider age related physiological changes in order to distinguish geriatric patients admitted to emergency service with abdominal pain from pathological cases requiring immediate surgical operation

Phenotypic Features of the 'Guentheri' Group Vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey and Southeast Bulgaria: Evidence for Its Taxonomic Detachment

The taxonomic status of Microtus guentheri, which is distributed in Anatolia, and the related taxa (number of chromosomes 2n = 54) inhabiting Western Anatolia and Southeast Thrace within the territory of Bulgaria and Turkey, were investigated morphologically and statistically. It was determined that the form of the second upper molar in all studied M. guentheri specimens belonged to the non-agrestis morphotype as did that in all specimens from Western Anatolia, Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace. The forms of the third upper molar did not separate M. guentheri from the specimens of Western Anatolia, Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace, and showed great variations among the normal, simplex, duplicate, and complex forms. In contrast, the marked distinguishing characteristics in dorsal colours, and skull and baculum morphologies were found between these populations. Statistical analyses (Tukey HSD) showed that the mean values of 18 variables in Thrace specimens and M. guentheri and 23 variables in the specimens of Thrace and Western Anatolia were significantly (p<0.05) different one from another. According to Principal Component Analyses, 75% of the total variance was explained by five components that had eigenvalues higher than 1, and specimens of Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace were clearly separated from M. guentheri and the specimens of Western Anatolia in discriminant function analyses. These findings suggested that specimens from Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace cannot be identified as M. guentheri. According to the priority rule, the specimens from Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace were assigned to Microtus hartingi and the subspecies martinoi and strandzenzis were considered junior synonyms of this taxon. However, the strong morphological and statistical evidences were provided the population in western Anatolia should be assigned to Microtus lydius as a valid species

Biometric and Allozymic Variations in the Genus Dryomys (Rodentia: Gliridae) in Turkey

Biometric and allozymic variations were analysed in three populations of Dryomys nitedula one population of Dryomys laniger from Turkey. Multivariate analysis of 32 external and cranial measurements was performed on 44 specimens. Of the morphometric variables, twenty-six characters were found to be significantly different between both species (Tukey HSD, p < 0.05), and the total variance was explained by seven principle components (80.1%). The Black Sea population of D. nitedula and that of D. laniger were markedly separate on the first two canonical functions. The genetic analysis was carried out on 17 enzyme systems of 36 specimens. Nine out of twenty loci were found to be polymorphic in D. nitedula populations and five were polymorphic in D. laniger. Ldhand Gpiloci were fixed for different alleles between D. nitedula and D. laniger. The mean value of the fixation index (FST= 0.13) indicated moderate to high genetic differences between the populations of D. nitedula. Nei’s measure of genetic distance (D) varied from 0.006 to 0.030 among the populations of D. nitedula, whereas the highest genetic distance appeared between the Black Sea population of D. nitedula and D. laniger (D= 0.187)