Evaluation Of The Mutagenicity And Antimutagenicity Of Ziziphus Joazeiro Mart. Bark In The Micronucleus Assay.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity (clastogenicity/aneugenicity) of a glycolic extract of Ziziphus joazeiro bark (GEZJ) by the micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow. Antimutagenic activity was also assessed using treatments associated with GEZJ and doxorubicin (DXR). Mice were evaluated 24-48 h after exposure to positive (N-nitroso-N-ethylurea, NEU - 50 mg.kg(-1) and DXR - 5 mg.kg(-1)) and negative (150 mM NaCl) controls, as well as treatment with GEZJ (0.5-2 g.kg(-1)), GEZJ (2 g.kg(-1)) + NEU and GEZJ (2 g.kg(-1)) + DXR. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice treated with GEJZ and GEJZ + DXR compared to the negative controls, indicating that GEZJ was not mutagenic. Analysis of the polychromatic:normochromatic erythrocyte ratio revealed significant differences in the responses to doses of 0.5 g.kg(-1) and 1-2 g.kg(-1) and the positive control (NEU). These results indicated no systemic toxicity and moderate toxicity at lower and higher doses of GEZJ. The lack of mutagenicity and systemic toxicity in the antimutagenic assays, especially for treatment with GEZJ + DXR, suggested that phytochemical compounds in Z. joazeiro bark attenuated DXR-induced mutagenicity and the moderate systemic toxicity of a high dose of Z. joazeiro bark (2 g.kg(-1)). Further studies on the genotoxicity of Z. joazeiro extracts are necessary to establish the possible health risk in humans and to determine the potential as a chemopreventive agent for therapeutic use.37428-3

Crude Protein in Developing Curimbas (Prochilodus scrofa)

 O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de curimbas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta na ração. O experimento teve duração total de seis meses, utilizando-se 3413 alevinos de curimba, com peso médio inicial de 10g, distribuídos em cinco tanques de terra, com 273 m² cada um, numa densidade de 2,5 peixes/m³. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: T1 - ração comercial com 28% de proteína bruta, T2 - ração comercial com 32% de proteína bruta, T3 - ração comercial com 36% de proteína bruta, T4 - ração comercial com 40% de proteína bruta e T5 - ração comercial com 44% de proteína bruta. As rações foram fornecidas duas vezes ao dia, numa proporção de 5% do peso vivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 5x5, sendo cinco rações (28%, 32%, 36%, 40% e 44% de PB) e cinco tempos de coleta (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias), com 10 repetições. As amostragens para coleta de dados foram feitas mensalmente, em cada fase do experimento, sendo retirados 10 peixes por tratamento, a cada coleta, para avaliação de parâmetros de desempenho. Foram avaliados comprimento total, comprimento padrão, altura do corpo e peso dos animais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos à regressão, com significância de 5%. Não houve diferença estatística para os parâmetros dos tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4, apenas o T5 apresentou diferença estatística em todos os parâmetros estudados.The study aimed to evaluate the performance of curimbas fed different levels of crude protein in the ration. The experiment lasted six months, using 3413 curimbas fingerlings, with average initial weight of 10g, distributed in five tanks of land, with 273 m² each, at a density of 2.5 fish / m³. The treatments were: T1 - commercial diet with 28% crude protein, T2 - commercial diet with 32% crude protein, T3 - commercial diets with 36% crude protein, T4 - commercial diet with 40% crude protein and T5 - commercial diet with 44% crude protein. Diets were provided twice a day in a rate of 5% of body weight. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a factorial scheme 5x5, with five diets (28%, 32%, 36%, 40% and 44% CP) and five sampling times (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days), with 10 repetitions. The sampling for data collection were performed monthly at each stage of the experiment, and removed 10 fish per treatment, at each sample for evaluation of performance parameters. It was evaluated total length, standard length, body height and weight of animals. The data were submitted to variance analysis and treatment means to the regression with a significance of 5%. There was no statistical difference for the parameters of  treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4. Only T5 presented statistical difference in all parameters studied