Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

From the global Compact to the Code of Conduct 2024

By the end of the Twentieth Century, many new terms arose evidencing the need to build a safer frame for developing people and companies, in balance with nature and the environment. Those are the origin of what we know now as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns into their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental, and social imperatives, while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders (UNIDO, 2019). But academic literature about Corporate Social Responsibility issues different concepts closely related among them, and to the Triple-Bottom-Line Approach (Elkington, 1994, 1997, 1998) that intends to rationalize the development that promotes economic growth while working on social inclusion and minimizing the environmental impact, but with several nuances

From the global Compact to the Code of Conduct 2022

By the end of the Twentieth Century, many new terms arose evidencing the need to build a safer frame for developing people and companies, in balance with nature and environment. Those are the origin of what we know now as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental, and social imperatives, while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders (UNIDO, 2019). But academic literature about Corporate Social Responsibility issues different concepts closely related among them, and to the Triple-Bottom-Line Approach (Elkington, 1994, 1997, 1998) that intends to rationalize the development that promotes economic growing while working on social inclusion and minimizing the environmental impact, but with several nuances

From the global Compact to the Code of Conduct 2021

By the end of the Twentieth Century, many new terms arose evidencing the need to build a safer frame for developing people and companies, in balance with nature and environment. Those are the origin of what we know now as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental, and social imperatives, while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders (UNIDO, 2019). But academic literature about Corporate Social Responsibility issues different concepts closely related among them, and to the Triple-Bottom-Line Approach (Elkington, 1994, 1997, 1998) that intends to rationalize the development that promotes economic growing while working on social inclusion and minimizing the environmental impact, but with several nuances

Sustainability in the Fashion Value Chain 2024

Sustainability is a complex word related to the three bottom line1 of economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future2, within the planet’s physical boundaries. Sustainability in Fashion companies is no longer an option, but the “new normal”, evidenced by its privileged place in the Fashion Industry’s Agenda since 20203. The fashion industry is considered the second most polluting in the world, textiles are the fourth highest-pressure category for the use of raw materials and water, after food, housing, and transport, and fifth for GHG emissions4. Clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014 and the number of garments purchased each year by the average consumer increased by 60%5. People use their clothes half as much as they did in 20006: in some countries such as China, clothing utilisation has decreased by 70% in the same period5. Undoubtedly, the fashion industry is now a relevant player in the economic scene, with a contribution of more than $2.4 trillion to global manufacturing7, and more than 300 million people employed if we include the clothing industry along the value chain6 all across the world. It is clearly a growing sophisticated business with a fragmented and relatively low-tech production system5. It began 200 years ago, but innovation to improve quality developed most significantly in the last 50-60 years; health and safety product control developed over the last 10-15 years, and sustainability emerged as a key concern only 5-6 years. The path to this transformation process is extremely difficult and multifaceted and must progress quickly. Sustainability in the Fashion value chain needs the collaboration between academia and business (research in many fields like Communication, Environmental Sciences, Chemistry, Business, Biology, Law, Engineering, Design, Architecture, etc., and different players in the industry: providers, textile manufacturers, retailers, delivering services, etc.). It also needs the fuel of the public institutions and the commitment of the consumers. But what does sustainability mean

Sustainability in the Fashion Value Chain 2021

Sustainability is a complex word related to the three-bottom line1 of economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future2, within the planet’s physical boundaries. Sustainability in Fashion companies is no longer an option, but the “new normal”, evidenced by its privileged place in the Fashion Industry’s Agenda in 20203. Fashion industry is considered to be the second most polluting in the world, textiles are the fourth highest-pressure category for the use of raw materials and water, after food, housing, and transport, and fifth for GHG emissions4. Clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014 and the number of garments purchased each year by the average consumer increased by 60%5. People use their clothes half as much as they did in 20006: in some countries such as China, clothing utilisation has decreased by 70% in the same period5. Undoubtedly, the fashion industry is now a relevant player in economic scene, with a contribution of more than $2.4 trillion to global manufacturing7, and more than 300 million people employed if we include the clothing industry along the value chain6 all across the world. It is clearly a growing sophisticated business with a fragmented and relative low-tech production system5. It began 200 years ago, but innovation to improve quality developed most significantly in the last 50-60 years; health and safety product control developed over the last 10-15 years, and sustainability emerged as a key concern only 5-6 years. The path to this transformation process is extremely difficult, multifaceted and must progress quickly. Sustainability in the Fashion value chain needs the collaboration between academia and business (research in many fields like Communication, Environmental Sciences, Chemistry, Business, Biology, Law, Engineering, Design, Architecture, etc., and different players in the industry: providers, textile manufacturers, retailers, delivering services, etc.). It also needs the fuel of the public institutions and the commitment of the consumers. But what sustainability does mean

Sustainability in the Fashion Value Chain 2022

Sustainability is a complex word related to the three-bottom line1 of economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future2, within the planet’s physical boundaries. Sustainability in Fashion companies is no longer an option, but the “new normal”, evidenced by its privileged place in the Fashion Industry’s Agenda in 20203. Fashion industry is considered to be the second most polluting in the world, textiles are the fourth highest-pressure category for the use of raw materials and water, after food, housing, and transport, and fifth for GHG emissions4. Clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014 and the number of garments purchased each year by the average consumer increased by 60%5. People use their clothes half as much as they did in 20006: in some countries such as China, clothing utilisation has decreased by 70% in the same period5. Undoubtedly, the fashion industry is now a relevant player in economic scene, with a contribution of more than $2.4 trillion to global manufacturing7, and more than 300 million people employed if we include the clothing industry along the value chain6 all across the world. It is clearly a growing sophisticated business with a fragmented and relative low-tech production system5. It began 200 years ago, but innovation to improve quality developed most significantly in the last 50-60 years; health and safety product control developed over the last 10-15 years, and sustainability emerged as a key concern only 5-6 years. The path to this transformation process is extremely difficult, multifaceted and must progress quickly. Sustainability in the Fashion value chain needs the collaboration between academia and business (research in many fields like Communication, Environmental Sciences, Chemistry, Business, Biology, Law, Engineering, Design, Architecture, etc., and different players in the industry: providers, textile manufacturers, retailers, delivering services, etc.). It also needs the fuel of the public institutions and the commitment of the consumers. But what sustainability does mean

Formación transversal sobre la industria de la moda para los alumnos de Química

La industria de la moda, o la industria textil en un concepto más amplio, supone un importante impacto ambiental derivado de transformación de materias primas y residuos producidos al final de la vida útil de los productos. Una de las disciplinas que pueden ayudar a optimizar los procesos y minimizar los residuos es la Química, que, con el conocimiento de reacciones, procesos industriales y alternativas, puede mitigar este impacto negativo. Hasta el momento, los alumnos de Química no estudiaban la fuerte vinculación entre sector textil y Química. El proyecto que se presenta se basa en la metodología del aprendizaje integrado. Concretamente, pretende dotar al alumno de Química de la capacidad de desarrollar un proyecto interdisciplinar basado en la industria textil, especialmente en aquellos aspectos de dicha industria que convergen en el ámbito químico, como es el tema de fibras tanto artificiales como sintéticas, tintes y pigmentos, acabados, etc. Asimismo, también pretende ser una herramienta de concienciación ambiental y social, que se puede encuadrar en la Estrategia 2025 de la Universidad de Navarra. Dicha estrategia lleva por lema “Universidad y Sostenibilidad” y cuyo objetivo es contribuir a la resolución de los desafíos que la sociedad plantea mediante su trabajo investigador, docente y asistencial, en colaboración con otras personas e instituciones. En un sentido más amplio, el proyecto propuesto cuadra con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, suscrita por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, y sus 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Basado en todo lo anterior, se plantea un proyecto multidisciplinar que vincula diferentes asignaturas del 4º curso del grado en Química a los contenidos de un curso de posgrado relacionado con la sostenibilidad en la industria de la moda. Supone la estrecha colaboración entre la Facultad de Ciencias, donde se imparte el grado en Química, y el Instituto Superior de Estudios en Moda -ISEM-, ambos centros pertenecientes a la Universidad de Navarra

Two experimental outcomes from solid waste of leather industry

Leather industry is an example of circular economy, using meat industry wastes (hides and skins) as raw materials. However, it also produces a big amount of organic waste in the process of tanning. This paper presents an experimental study of several proposals to reuse the weekly tons of left-overs (both shavings and hair) issued by a tannery, as new resources, instead of taking them to an external composting plant or to the landfill. Three different types of solid wastes (chromium and vegetable tanned shavings, and discarded hair) have been characterized and analysed to obtain biomass and acoustic panels for building industry. The calorific values of the discarded hair and the shavings have been analysed both in wet and dried samples. After testing the samples according to the Spanish Norm UNE-EN 141918:2011, the results showed that the calorific value obtained from the dried hair is higher than the standard values considered for general biomass, forestry biomass or even wood pellet. Thus, bearing in mind that the plant already has installed a cogeneration system, the daily discarded hair obtained in this tannery, after the processing of drying, would cover completely the gas consumption coming from the boiler installed for the heating demand of the industrial plant, and part of the consumption from the gas engines. The wet hair gives no interesting results. The second approach to the waste has been to look for new products in building sector. After obtaining the granulometry of both chromium and chromium-free leather shavings, different tests were done with different additives: gypsum, glue, cement, cement plus latex, resin, cement plus sand and latex resin. The mechanic tests showed no interesting results in terms of resistance to flexion or compression in gypsum composites. However, the results in terms of acoustic absorption are good, giving similar data as agglomerate cork or some carpets. The outcomes of the experimental research have been promising, as they open several paths to get the maximum use of leather solid waste

Two experimental outcomes from solid waste of leather industry

Leather industry is an example of circular economy, using meat industry wastes (hides and skins) as raw materials. However, it also produces a big amount of organic waste in the process of tanning. This paper presents an experimental study of several proposals to reuse the weekly tons of left-overs (both shavings and hair) issued by a tannery, as new resources, instead of taking them to an external composting plant or to the landfill. Three different types of solid wastes (chromium and vegetable tanned shavings, and discarded hair) have been characterized and analysed to obtain biomass and acoustic panels for building industry. The calorific values of the discarded hair and the shavings have been analysed both in wet and dried samples. After testing the samples according to the Spanish Norm UNE-EN 141918:2011, the results showed that the calorific value obtained from the dried hair is higher than the standard values considered for general biomass, forestry biomass or even wood pellet. Thus, bearing in mind that the plant already has installed a cogeneration system, the daily discarded hair obtained in this tannery, after the processing of drying, would cover completely the gas consumption coming from the boiler installed for the heating demand of the industrial plant, and part of the consumption from the gas engines. The wet hair gives no interesting results. The second approach to the waste has been to look for new products in building sector. After obtaining the granulometry of both chromium and chromium-free leather shavings, different tests were done with different additives: gypsum, glue, cement, cement plus latex, resin, cement plus sand and latex resin. The mechanic tests showed no interesting results in terms of resistance to flexion or compression in gypsum composites. However, the results in terms of acoustic absorption are good, giving similar data as agglomerate cork or some carpets. The outcomes of the experimental research have been promising, as they open several paths to get the maximum use of leather solid waste