480 research outputs found

    Aplicaciones de la energía solar al tratamiento térmico de suelos de invernadero

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    El cultivo bajo invernadero ofrece problemas de aparición repetitiva de patógenos en el suelo que pueden hacer peligrar la viabilidad de la producción. Los métodos de control físico de patógenos, como la solarización y los tratamientos con vapor de agua, se han manifestado en ensayos realizados por diversos patólogos como una eficaz solución a los problemas agronómicos y medio ambientales producidos por el uso de tratamientos químicos. La solarización consiste en mantener durante 6 a 8 semanas el suelo a temperaturas próximas a los 45ºC en la época estival de máxima insolación, usando par ello láminas de plástico transparente. De esta forma se eliminan la mayor parte de los patógenos del suelo sin afectar a la microflora y microfauna auxiliares del mismo. La desinfestación con vapor de agua elimina todos los patógenos del suelo. Sin embargo, temperaturas por encima de 82ºC pueden causar problemas agronómicos y patológicos en el mismo, aunque el principal inconveniente de este método es su alto coste económico y energético. En esta tesis doctoral se demuestra que el uso de energía solar activa disminuye las limitaciones de los sistemas de tratamiento del suelo por solarización y vapor de agua por las siguientes razones: Los panes solares planos y los concertadores cilíndrico-parabólicos disminuyen el tiempo invertido en el tratamiento por somatización, evitan dejar la parcela improductiva el año en que se realiza el tratamiento y permiten la elección de la fecha de tratamiento por parte del agricultor y el uso de estas técnicas en meses no hábiles para el tratamiento solar pasivo. El uso de energía solar térmica activa, mediante paneles solares planos y concertadores cilíndrico parabólicos, supone un ahorro de energía convencionales y minimiza el impacto medio ambiental producido por su utilización

    Impacto de la afectación del espacio linfovascular en el pronóstico del carcinoma de endometrio: factores asociados y estratificación de riesgo

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    El carcinoma de endometrio se constituye como el tumor ginecológico más frecuente en Europa, tras el cáncer de mama. Se considera una enfermedad con un pronóstico favorable cuando se diagnostica en estadios iniciales. Sin embargo, en los casos en los que la enfermedad está diseminada o acontece una recidiva tras el tratamiento primario, el pronóstico se ensombrece claramente. La invasión de los vasos linfáticos y/o sanguíneos por células tumorales (IELV, Invasión del Espacio Linfovascular) se supone uno de los pasos iniciales en el proceso de diseminación tumoral. Su diagnóstico mediante tinción con hematoxilina eosina se ha correlacionado de manera significativa en la literatura con la presencia de metástasis ganglionares, mayores tasas de recidiva tumoral y menores tasas de supervivencia global. No obstante, la IELV está íntimamente relacionada con otras características histológicas consideradas de riesgo en el carcinoma de endometrio, como son el tipo histológico no endometrio de, el grado histológico pobremente diferenciado y la profundidad de la invasión miometrial. En consecuencia, su valor como factor pronóstico independiente en el carcinoma epitelial de endometrio es controvertido, no habiendo sido incluido como parámetro modificador de grupo riesgo durante años en las principales guías de recomendación del manejo clínico de esta entidad nacionales ni internacionales..

    Permutation flowshop scheduling problem with total core idle time minimization

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    -Part of special issue 10th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control MIM 2022: Nantes, France, 22-24 June 2022 -Copyright © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)In this paper, we present a deterministic permutation flowshop scheduling problem with a new objective function, the total core idle time. The interest of this objective is related to reduce the energy consumption of the system, taking into account that the energy needed during the processing times is constant, and that machines are switched off during the front and back idle times. Therefore, the energy consumption is dependent on the time where machines are in stand-by mode, i.e during the idle time of machines between jobs, named as core idle times. Constructive heuristics and metaheuristics are adapted from the permutation flowshop scheduling literature for classical objectives as makespan and total completion time. Additionally, a new variant of one of the metaheuristic is proposed, the VBIH-P. An experimental evaluation has been carried out to analyse the performance of all the methods. The results show an excellent performance of the VBIH-P compared to the adapted methods

    Educational provision to students with autism spectrum disorders

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    La investigación describe cómo se realiza la escolarización del alumnado con TEA y sus necesidades educativas. El estudio se lleva a cabo en Sevilla capital con datos a partir de entrevistas a 96 profesores con alumnos con TEA en Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Concretamente, en las entrevistas se recogen datos sobre la escolarización de este alumnado, los apoyos que recibe en el contexto escolar, el grado de coordinación entre los profesionales, el conocimiento del diagnóstico del niño con TEA por parte del profesorado, las modificaciones en el horario escolar realizadas para adaptarse a sus necesidades y otros tipos de adaptaciones llevadas a cabo, desde las curriculares a los programas individualizados. Entre los resultados se obtiene que el 52% del alumnado con TEA detectado acude a centros de educación especial. Esa escolarización en centros especiales aumenta conforme avanza la edad de este alumnado, por lo que de los resultados se extrae la necesidad de realizar un mayor esfuerzo para lograr la inclusión del alumnado con TEA en las etapas educativas superiores. Otros aspectos dignos de mejora en cuanto a la atención educativa del alumnado con TEA, derivados del estudio, hacen referencia al número de horas que reciben de intervención logopédica y de psicomotricidad, la presencia de monitores o educadores, la existencia de una red específica de apoyo al profesorado en la intervención con autismo, la aplicación de adaptaciones curriculares individualizadas que facilite la integración en el grupo y medidas que faciliten la coordinación entre los profesionales implicados.This study describes the educational provision and potential educational needs of pupils with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Data on educational provision of pupils with ASD in Primary and Secondary education in the city of Seville were collected through 96 interviews with their teachers. The interviews obtained information relative to the pupils' placements, support within the school scope, degree of coordination among staff, teachers' knowledge of the diagnosis in ASD children, timetable adjustments and other adaptations, from curriculum related ones to individualized education plans. Results show that 52% of pupils are in special schools. The placement in special schools increases with age. Therefore, a greater effort for inclusion of pupils in secondary education seems necessary. Other aspects derived from the study that demand improvement, when addressing the educational attention given to ADS students, are the number of hours devoted to speech and motor therapy, the number of teaching assistants, the need for a specific support network for teachers dealing with children with autism, the development of individualized educational plans to lead to the integration of the group and measures to encourage additional collaboration among staff

    La prevalencia de los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) en la población escolar de la ciudad de Sevilla

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    El preprint está en español y la versión publicada en inglésA preliminary task for the design and development of interventions for differentgroups of people with disabilities is to determine the prevalence rate of the target population to which the interventions are directed. In the case of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the determination of such a percentage remains a controversial matter; and when combined with educating these people, makes detection, identification and diagnosis of the disorder an important challenge. In this research a study of the prevalence of ASD is presented for the compulsory, school-age population of children in the city of Seville, Spain. The results were analysed as a function of age and gender of the subjects, the schooling type, and the different diagnostic categories that are considered within Autism Spectrum Disorder. These results demonstrate prevalence rates similar to those results recently obtained in other studies carried out both in and outside of Spain.Una tarea previa al diseño y desarrollo de actuaciones destinadas a los diferentes grupos de personas con discapacidad es la determinación de las tasas de prevalencia de la población diana a la que van dirigidas. En el caso de los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) la determinación de tales tasas no deja de ser un asunto controvertido que hace que al reto de cómo educar a estas personas, se sume el de su detección, identificación y diagnóstico. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la prevalencia de los TEA entre la población escolarizada en las etapas obligatorias en la ciudad de Sevilla (España). Los resultados son analizados en función del sexo y edad de los sujetos, según el tipo de escolarización y atendiendo a las diferentes categorías diagnósticas que se consideran TEA. Tales resultados arrojan tasas de prevalencia similares a los obtenidos recientemente en otros estudios realizados tanto en nuestro país como fuera de él.European CommissionMinisterio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (España

    Support, inclusion, and Special Education teachers’ attitudes toward the education of students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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    This study is aimed at assessing special education teachers’ attitudes toward teaching pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and at determining the role of variables associated with a positive attitude towards the children and their education. Sixty-nine special education teachers were interviewed. The interview included two multiple-choice Likert-type questionnaires, one about teachers’ attitude, and another about teachers’ perceived needs in relation to the specific education of the pupil with ASD. The study shows a positive view of teachers’ expectations regarding the education of pupils with ASD. A direct logistic regression analysis was performed testing for experience with the child, school relationship with an ASD network and type of school (mainstream or special) as potential predictors. Although all three variables are useful in predicting special education teachers’ attitudes, the most relevant was the relationship with an ASD network. Need for information and social support are the relatively highest needs expressed by teachers.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España) (Proyecto PSI2010-17401)Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (España

    A Spanish Sign Language (LSE) Adaptation of the Communicative Development Inventories

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    This article presents the adaptation of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI; Fenson et al., 1993, 1994) to Spanish Sign Language (LSE). Data were collected from 55 participants (32 boys and 23 girls; 17 deaf signers, 38 hearing signers) who, evaluated by their caregivers every four months, presented a total of 170 records. The parents reported the signs that the children could understand or produce between 8-36 months. Results suggested that the CDI adapted to LSE is a valid and reliable instrument. Signing children could understand more signs than they produced at this early developmental stage. There were no significant differences between boys and girls, or between deaf and hearing children. The development of LSE is similar to other sign languages, although with a lower production of signs in the early stages, perhaps due to the bilingualism of most of the children of our study.Se presenta la adaptación a la lengua de signos española (LSE) del Inventario de Desarrollo Comunicativo MacArthur (CDI; Fenson et al., 1993, 1994). Se recogieron datos de 55 participantes (32 niños y 23 niñas; 17 niños y niñas sordos signantes y 38 oyentes signantes), que, evaluados cada cuatro meses por sus cuidadores, representaron un total de 170 registros. Los padres y madres informaron de los signos que los niños podían producir o comprender entre los 8 y 36 meses. Los resultados sugieren que el CDI adaptado a la LSE es un instrumento válido y fiable. Los niños signantes podían entender más signos que producir en esta etapa del desarrollo temprano. No hubo diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas o entre niños sordos y oyentes. El desarrollo de la LSE es similar a otras lenguas de signos, aunque con una menor producción de signos en las etapas iniciales, quizás debido al bilingüismo de la mayoría de los niños del estudio.Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (España), Proyectos de Excelencia (P11-SEJ-7417)

    Induction of α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity by monomeric carbohydrates in Bifidobacterium longum and ubiquity of encoding genes

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    Bifidobacterium longum can be isolated from human faeces, some strains being considered probiotics. B. longum NIZO B667 produces an exo-acting α-L-arabinofuranosidase, AbfB, previously purified by us, that releases L-arabinose from arabinan and arabinoxylan. This activity was subjected to two-seven-fold induction by L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-arabitol and xylitol and to repression by glucose. Maximum activity was obtained at 48 h incubation except for D-xylose that was at 24 h. High concentrations (200 mM) of L-arabitol also caused repression of the arabinofuranosidase. A unique band of activity showing the same migration pattern as the purified AbfB was found in zymograms of cell free extracts, indicating that the activity was likely due to this sole enzyme. The assessment of the influence of inducers and repressors on the activity of AbfB and on the expression of the abfB gene by real time PCR indicated that regulation was transcriptional. DNA amplifications using a pair of degenerated primers flanking an internal fragment within α-L-arabinofuranosidase genes of the family 51 of glycoside hydrolases evidenced that these enzymes are widespread in Bifidobacterium. The aminoacidic sequences of bifidobacteria included a fragment of four to six residues in the position 136-141 that was absent in other microorganismsThis work was financed by European Union FEDER funds and the Spanish Plan Nacional de I + D (project AGL2004-06088-C02-01/ALI). L. Noriega was the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Fundación para la investigación Científica y Técnica (FICYT, Asturias, Spain). M. Gueimonde was funded by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.Peer reviewe

    Comprehending reflexive and clitic constructions in children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental language disorder

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    Background: It has been established that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties understanding spoken language. Understanding reflexive and clitic pronouns is vital to establishing reference-based inference, but it is as yet unclear whether such constructions pose specific difficulties for those with ASD. Pronoun interpretation seems be connected to the development of pragmatic abilities, and can therefore be considered a plausible marker in the differential diagnosis between ASD and developmental language disorder (DLD). Aims: To establish whether or not there are differences between ASD and DLD in relation to their understanding of pronoun constructions (both reflexive and clitic). The working hypothesis was that although no differences were expected between groups in relation to automatic (online) pronoun processing, the comprehension of reflexive pronouns would constitute a diagnostic marker between the group with ASD and language disorder and the DLD group. Methods & Procedures: The study carried out two experiments with three clinical groups (two with ASD and different levels of language proficiency and one with DLD) and two control groups with typically developing people (with equivalent language levels), analysing their on- and offline processing in pronoun resolution tasks. The first experiment uses an online method (eye-tracking) to record pronoun processing in real time. The second uses an offline method to analyse comprehension accuracy. Outcomes & Results: The results of the two experiments indicated no differences in the way in which the clinical and control groups resolved the tasks, but a shorter reaction time was observed only in the age-matched control group in comparison with the ASD group without language disorder in the first experiment, perhaps due to the fact that processing pronouns involves a greater cognitive load among the latter group. Conclusions & Implications: The comprehension of reflexive pronouns cannot be considered a diagnostic marker for distinguishing ASD from DLD.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PGC2018-096094-B-I0
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