18,630 research outputs found
Information structure and the referential status of bare plurals
The goal of this paper is to study the influence of information structure in the referential status of linguistic expressions such as bare plurals and indefinite NPs in Spanish. In particular, we will argue for the following claims: (a) Spanish bare plurals can receive a generic interpretation in object position and (b) Spanish bare plurals in object position can be topics in siru. We will focus on object position because of the well known semantic and syntactic constraints that affect preverbal subject bare plurals in Spanish
Microarrays as a functional approach to the transcriptome
Knowing a cell’s transcriptome is a fundamental requisite in order to analyze its response to the environment. Microarrays have supposed a revolution on this field as they are able to yield an overview of gene expression at any environmental condition on a genome-wide scale.
This technique consists in the hybridisation of a nucleic acid sample, previously marked, with a probe (which might be made up of cDNA, oligonucleotides or PCR products) anchored to a solid surface (made of glass, plastic, silicon...) giving as a result a dot grid which reveals, after image analysis, which genes are being expressed. Nevertheless, this only can be achieved if information on the species genome has been generated.
Different kinds of expression microarrays exist attending to the probe’s nature and the method used in its synthesis. In this poster two of these will be treated:
Spotted Microarrays, for which the probe is synthesised prior to its fixation to the array and allow the analysis of two targets simultaneously. They can be easily customized, but lack high reproducibility and sensitivity.
Oligonucleotide Microarrays, which are characterized by the direct printing of the probe on the array. In this case the probes consist on, invariably, oligonucleotides that are complementary to a small fraction of the gene it is representing at the microarray. Their application is somewhat restricted. This fact, however, makes them more reproducible.
Currently, the approach towards the transcriptome studies from the Next Generation Sequencing technologies offers a large volume of information in a short amount of time needing less previous information on the target organism than that needed by microarrays, but their expensive price limits their use. The versatility of the latter, together with their reduced costs in comparison to other techniques, makes them an interesting resource in applications that may need less complexity
How secular staganation can affect income class structure in european countries: institutional and policy implications
In recent years, there has been increasing debate about the low economic growth and the risk of secular stagnation in economically advanced countries. Some authors point out possible links between secular stagnation and income inequality, causally in both directions. Taking as a reference point the theoretical literature on the relationship between economic growth and income distribution, this study examines the extent to which different levels of economic growth are associated with the income class structure in European countries between 1993 and 2016, focusing on income distribution before taxes and transfers (market incomes). We highlight that in recession periods the size and income share of the middle class decrease, while the opposite occurs in periods with strong economic growth rates. Nevertheless, when growth rates are modest the patterns are much less clearly defined. Some policy and institutional implications are discussed in order to tackle the concerns of secular stagnation and inequality simultaneously.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Stellar Orbital Studies in Normal Spiral Galaxies II: Restrictions to Structural and Dynamical parameters on Spiral Arms
Making use of a set of detailed potential models for normal spiral galaxies,
we analyze the disk stellar orbital dynamics as the structural and dynamical
parameters of the spiral arms (mass, pattern speed and pitch angle) are
gradually modified. With this comprehensive study of ordered and chaotic
behavior, we constructed an assemblage of orbitally supported galactic models
and plausible parameters for orbitally self-consistent spiral arms models. We
find that, to maintain orbital support for the spiral arms, the spiral arm
mass, M, must decrease with the increase of the pitch angle, ; if
is smaller than , M can be as large as , ,
of the disk mass, for Sa, Sb, and Sc galaxies, respectively. If
increases up to , the maximum M is of the disk
mass independently in this case of morphological type. For values larger than
these limits, spiral arms would likely act as transient features. Regarding the
limits posed by extreme chaotic behavior, we find a strong restriction on the
maximum plausible values of spiral arms parameters on disk galaxies beyond
which, chaotic behavior becomes pervasive. We find that for smaller than
, , , for Sa, Sb, and Sc galaxies,
respectively, M can go up to , of the mass of the disk. If the
corresponding is around , , , M
is , , of the mass of the disk. Beyond these
values, chaos dominates phase space, destroying the main periodic and the
neighboring quasi-periodic orbits.Comment: 51 pages in preprint format, 30 figures, Accepted for publication in
Ap
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Variable neighbourhood search for the minimum labelling Steiner tree problem
We present a study on heuristic solution approaches to the minimum labelling Steiner tree problem, an NP-hard graph problem related to the minimum labelling spanning tree problem. Given an undirected labelled connected graph, the aim is to find a spanning tree covering a given subset of nodes of the graph, whose edges have the smallest number of distinct labels. Such a model may be used to represent many real world problems in telecommunications and multimodal transportation networks. Several metaheuristics are proposed and evaluated. The approaches are compared to the widely adopted Pilot Method and it is shown that the Variable Neighbourhood Search that we propose is the most effective metaheuristic for the problem, obtaining high quality solutions in short computational running time
Money Demand Accommodation: Impact on Macro-Dynamics and Policy Consequences
In this paper we account for the U.S. Fed's response to money demand shocks by allowing for less-than-complete accommodation in the estimation of its money supply policy rule. We estimate a significantly lower degree of money accommodation in the 1979-1982 period than before and after. We identify the path of money demand and money supply shocks and show their effects on the money market, output and inflation. Both money demand and money supply shocks have been considerably less destabilizing since 1984. We also find that monetary policy was significantly pro-cyclical in the 70s. Additionally, the price puzzle disappears for two of the three subperiods considered in the study.Money demand shocks, money demand accommodation, monetary policy procedures, macroeconomic dynamics
Monte Carlo Studies of the Intrinsic Second Hyperpolarizability
The hyperpolarizability has been extensively studied to identify universal
properties when it is near the fundamental limit. Here, we employ the Monte
Carlo method to study the fundamental limit of the second hyperpolarizability.
As was found for the hyperpolarizability, the largest values of the second
hyperpolarizability approaches the calculated fundamental limit. The character
of transition moments and energies of the energy eigenstates are investigated
near the second hyperpolarizability's upper bounds using the missing state
analysis, which assesses the role of each pair of states in their contribution.
In agreement with the three-level ansatz, our results indicate that only three
states (ground and two excited states) dominate when the second
hyperpolarizability is near the limit.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
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