Régimen de precipitaciones y evaporación para riego en el multipropósito Chone, Ecuador

Around 2250 ha will be developed from the agricultural point of view in Chone, province of Manabí, Ecuador, in the second stage of one of the emblematic and strategic projects of Ecuador, known as Multipurpose Chone. For this purpose, climatic and soil parameters, water availability, crops, etc. are required. This paper makes a contribution in the climatic branch. The monthly distributions of precipitation and evaporation are determined for the subsequent calculation of the crops irrigation regime. A statistical analysis of precipitation and evaporation data from 1990 to 2012 is accomplished, and as a main result is obtained that 2005 is the one meeting the 75 % of surpass probability for rainfall and 25 % for evaporation.. Index Terms— frequency distribution, normal distribution, cumulative frequency, Multipurpose Chon

Periodontitis is associated with subclinical cerebral and carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients: A cross‑sectional study

Objective: To examine the relationship between periodontitis and subclinical intracranial atherosclerosis. The association of periodontitis with preclinical markers of atherosclerosis in other vascular territories was also explored. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study where 97 elderly subjects with a previous history of hypertension received an ultrasonographic evaluation to assess subclinical atherosclerosis in different vascular territories: (1) cerebral [pulsatility (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery], (2) carotid [intima-media thickness (IMT)], and (3) peripheral [ankle-brachial index (ABI)]. Additionally, participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal assessment together with blood sample collection to determine levels of inflammatory biomarkers (leukocytes, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), lipid fractions (total cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoprotein), and glucose. Results: Sixty-one individuals had periodontitis. Compared to subjects without periodontitis, those with periodontitis showed higher values of PI (1.24 ± 0.29 vs 1.01 ± 0.16), RI (0.70 ± 0.14 vs 0.60 ± 0.06), and IMT (0.94 ± 0.15 vs 0.79 ± 0.15) (all p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found neither for ABI or for other clinical and biochemical parameters. An independent association was found between periodontitis and increased intracranial atherosclerosis (ORadjusted = 10.16; 95% CI: 3.14-32.90, p < 0.001) and to a lesser extent with thicker carotid IMT (ORadjusted = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.61-10.48, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in both intracranial and carotid arteries in elderly subjects with hypertension. Clinical relevance: The association of periodontitis with intracranial atherosclerosis implies that periodontitis patients might have greater chances to develop ischemic stroke in the futureOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was partially supported by grants from the Xunta de Galicia (TS: IN607A2018/3 and TS: IN607D 2020/09), Spanish Ministry of Science (TS: RTI2018-102165-B-I00 and RTC2019-007373-1), Institute of Health Carlos III (PI22/00938), and RICOR-ICTUS Network (RD21/0006/003). Furthermore, this study was also supported by grants from the Interreg Atlantic Area (TS: EAPA_791/2018_ NeuroATLANTIC project), Interreg V-A España Portugal (POCTEP) (TS: 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E), and the European Regional Development Fund. YL is supported by a Sara Borrell fellowship (CD22/00051), and TS (CPII17/00027) and FC (CPII19/00020) are recipients of Miguel Servet contracts, all of them funded by the Institute of Health Carlos IIIS

Optimal moment to change pressure regulator and sprayer kit on center pivot irrigation machines: application to a study case

A theoretical model developed by the authors for determining the optimal moment to substitute sprayer and pressure regulator kit on a center pivot irrigating potatoes and beans has been applied. The methodology compares the sum of the costs due to additional consumption of water and energy, maintenance and labor, as well as yield losses associated to areas with deficit or over irrigation to the costs due to buy and install a new sprinkling set on the pivot. The results showed that for a reduction of 3.07% of the Hermann and Hein’s Uniformity Coefficient (UCh), the substitution of the sprinkling module on the pivot is justified when potatoes and beans are cultivated