Precise multimodal optical control of neural ensemble activity.

Understanding brain function requires technologies that can control the activity of large populations of neurons with high fidelity in space and time. We developed a multiphoton holographic approach to activate or suppress the activity of ensembles of cortical neurons with cellular resolution and sub-millisecond precision. Since existing opsins were inadequate, we engineered new soma-targeted (ST) optogenetic tools, ST-ChroME and IRES-ST-eGtACR1, optimized for multiphoton activation and suppression. Employing a three-dimensional all-optical read-write interface, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously photostimulate up to 50 neurons distributed in three dimensions in a 550 × 550 × 100-µm3 volume of brain tissue. This approach allows the synthesis and editing of complex neural activity patterns needed to gain insight into the principles of neural codes

HQA1K Hologram Perceptual Quality Assessment Dataset

The HQA1K dataset was developed for assessing the quality of Computer Generated Holography (CGH) image renderings based on direct human input. HQA1K is comprised of 1,000 pairs of natural images matched to simulated CGH renderings of various quality levels. The result is a diverse set of data for evaluating image quality algorithms and models

Three-dimensional deconvolution microfluidic microscopy using a tilted channel

We present a 3D microfluidic microscope. Focal stacks are recorded by observing samples flowing through a tilted microfluidic channel and then digitally deconvolved. Experimental results are shown on flowing yeast cell

Flow-scanning optical tomography

We present a 3D tomography technique for in vivo observation of microscopic samples. The method combines flow in a microfluidic channel, illumination through a slit aperture, and a Fourier lens for simultaneous acquisition of multiple perspective angles in the phase-space domain. The technique is non-invasive and naturally robust to parasitic sample motion. 3D absorption is retrieved using standard back-projection algorithms, here a limited-domain inverse radon transform. Simultaneously, 3D differential phase contrast images are obtained by computational refocusing and comparison of complementary illumination angles. We implement the technique on a modified glass slide which can be mounted directly on existing optical microscopes. We demonstrate both amplitude and phase tomography on live, freely swimming C. elegans nematodes

Three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT).

Optical methods capable of manipulating neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions will accelerate the pace of neuroscience research. Existing approaches for targeting individual neurons, however, fall short of these requirements. Here we present a new multiphoton photo-excitation method, termed three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), which allows precise, simultaneous photo-activation of arbitrary sets of neurons anywhere within the addressable volume of a microscope. This technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc matching the dimensions of a neuron's cell body. Experiments in cultured cells, brain slices, and in living mice demonstrate single-neuron spatial resolution even when optically targeting randomly distributed groups of neurons in 3D. This approach opens new avenues for mapping and manipulating neural circuits, allowing a real-time, cellular resolution interface to the brain

Visualization 2: Compressive light-field microscopy for 3D neural activity recording

Threshold-based detection. Originally published in Optica on 20 May 2016 (optica-3-5-517

Supplement 1: Compressive light-field microscopy for 3D neural activity recording

Supplemental document Originally published in Optica on 20 May 2016 (optica-3-5-517

Visualization 4: Compressive light-field microscopy for 3D neural activity recording

Video reconstruction of the 3D activity. Originally published in Optica on 20 May 2016 (optica-3-5-517

Visualization 5: Compressive light-field microscopy for 3D neural activity recording

When the zebrafish returns to rest, the dictionary becomes valid again (residual error drops). Originally published in Optica on 20 May 2016 (optica-3-5-517