15 research outputs found
Difficulties and Perspectives of Immunomodulatory Therapy with Mistletoe Lectins and Standardized Mistletoe Extracts in Evidence-Based Medicine
Viscum album preparations are aqueous mistletoe plant extracts used in complementary and alternative medicine as immunomodulators in cancer therapy. However, evidence of immunological efficacy of mistletoe extracts (MEs) used in clinical trials is often lacking. Mechanisms involved in anti-tumor properties of ME and mistletoe lectins (MLs) modify both innate and adaptive immune systems, according to animal model experiments. In the background of these effects, a selective binding of ML on CD75 ganglioside receptors of interleukin 12 (IL-12)-producing macrophages or dendritic cells can play an important role. Immunological effects of ME correlate with their lectin activity, showing a bell-shaped dose-response curve of efficacy. Therefore, a correct determination of MLs for the standardization of commercial ME is essential. However, plant MLs exhibit heterogeneity, which most likely results from post-translational processing. In addition, amino acid analysis of ML has revealed numerous conservative substitutions along their amino acid sequence. Consequently, ML research needs new perspectives, and the advantages and disadvantages of purified and biologically better defined ML preparations are also discussed in this article
How Would the Magyar Nemzeti Bank\u27s Liquidity and Funding Requirements Have Influenced the Impact of the 2008 Crisis in Hungary?
Systematics of Stopping and Flow in Au+Au Collisions
Excitation functions of flow and stopping observables for the Au+Au system at
energies from 40 to 1500 MeV per nucleon are presented. The systematics were
obtained by merging the results of the INDRA and FOPI experiments, both
performed at the GSI facility. The connection to the nuclear equation of state
is discussed.Comment: Contribution to the WCI book "Dynamics and Thermodynamics with
Nucleonic Degrees of Freedom