Role of sialic acid in brachyspira hyodysenteriae adhesion to pig colonic mucins

Infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae results in mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea. This pathogen is associated with the colonic mucus layer, mainly composed of mucins. Infection regulates mucin O-glycosylation in the colon and increases mucin secretion as well as B. hyodysenteriae binding sites on mucins. Here, we analyzed potential mucin epitopes for B. hyodysenteriae adhesion in the colon, as well as the effect of colonic mucins on bacterial growth. Associations between B. hyodysenteriae binding to pig colonic mucins and mucin glycan data showed that B. hyodysenteriae binding was associated with the presence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) on mucins. The role of sialic acid in B. hyodysenteriae adhesion was analyzed after the removal of sialic acid residues on the mucins by enzymatic treatment with sialidase A, which decreased bacterial binding to the mucins. The effect of pig colonic mucins on B. hyodysenteriae growth was determined in carbohydrate-free medium. B. hyodysenteriae growth increased in the presence of mucins from two out of five infected pigs, suggesting utilization of mucins as a carbon source for growth. Additionally, bacterial growth was enhanced by free sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. The results highlight a role of sialic acid as an adhesion epitope for B. hyodysenteriae interaction with colonic mucins. Furthermore, the mucin response and glycosylation changes exerted in the colon during B. hyodysenteriae infection result in a potentially favorable environment for pathogen growth in the intestinal mucus layer

Ranking based search in the encrypted cloud environment

Cloud computing is emerging as a promising technology for outsourcing of data and quality of data services. However, information which is sensitive when upload on cloud eventually cause privacy problems. Data encryption provides security of data to some level, but at the cost of compromised efficiency. This paper focus on addressing data privacy problems. For the first time, the privacy issue is formulated from the aspect of similarity relevance of data and scheme robustness. Privacy of data is not assured if Server-side ranking based on order-preserving encryption is maintained. For the assurance of data privacy, multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted data in cloud computing (MRSE) scheme is proposed which supports top-k multi keyword retrieval. In MRSE, vector space model and Homomorphic encryption were employed. The vector space model helps to provide accuracy sufficient search of data and the Homomorphic encryption enables users to involve in the encryption of data. The majority of computing work is done on the server side. As a result, leakage of information can be eliminated and data security is ensured. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15028

Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent and serious complication of insulin therapy and is three times more common in those who are intensively treated. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia is a major limitation to achieving tight diabetes. Asymptomatic biochemical hypoglycaemia occurs more frequently during routine blood glucose monitoring and this should alert the clinician that the individual is developing hypoglycaemic unawareness. Though the etiology of hypoglycaemic unawareness is multifactorial, possible mechanisms include chronic exposure to low blood glucose, antecedent hypoglycaemia, recurrent severe hypoglycaemia and the failure of counter-regulatory hormones. Diabetic patients with history of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia perform poorly on cognitive function testing and this may be restored by relaxation of glycaemic control. The question of whether human insulin produces hypoglycaemia awareness has been hotly debated but this does not appear to be a major problem considering the number of patients on human insulin. The decision to use one or other of the insulins therefore rests entirely with the physician. Low blood glucose awareness training programmes can help to identify and prevent hypoglycaemia unawareness. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia can probably be reversed by scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycaemia

Sporting activity among dental students-a survey

A Dentist plays a crucial role in providing health education (General and Oral) to the community. Questions arise regarding their own health, which successively affects their patients’ counselling for leading a healthy and a physically active life. Physical activity or exercise can improve your health and reduce the danger of developing several diseases. Itcan have immediate and long-term health benefits. Most over, regular activity can improve your quality of life. The current study aimed to study the practice of physical activity among Dental students. The aim of the survey study is to create awareness and knowledge among people about Sporting activity among dental students. A questionnaire about Sporting activities among dental students, the data are collected using google forms and the results were analysed through SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated. According to the data collected about 51% of them said that 1 hour of physical activity is needed. and 37% of them said 2 hours is needed and the remaining 12% of them said 1 hour is needed. About 65% of the people have normal BMI 18.5 to 24.9, 13% of them are underweight which is less than 18.5, 10% of them are overweight 25 to 29.9 and 12% of them are obese which is 30 or more. A gender comparison was done on awareness of practicing sports on a daily basis, improvement in work life and negative effects. It was found that there was statistically non significant difference(p-value >0.05) between the awareness among the males and females in this study. Knowledge and awareness were created among dental students about sporting activities.The prevalence of physical activity was high among dental health professionals in this study. This higher prevalence of physical activity in the study group may be because the respondents were all health professionals and their income, education, and occupation likely led them to engage in healthier behaviors

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATEDCLEANING OF CEILING FAN

The main objective of the project is to reduce the human effort and sluggishness of human when the operation is in large scale and to avoid the risk in case of any accidents. The proposed system that is portable and ensure regular cleaning of the ceiling fan using some mechanical setup such as scissor lift, lead screw whose movements are controlled by microcontroller which controls a pneumatic control and some cleaning mechanisms

Case report: Successful treatment of recurrent chordoma and bilateral pulmonary metastases following an 11-year disease-free period

AbstractINTRODUCTIONChordomas are rare but aggressive tumors due to local recurrence and distant metastases. They originate commonly in the sphenooccipital and sacrococcygeal regions, and metastasize to the lungs, bone, skin, liver, and lymph nodes. They occur more frequently in men and people over the age of 40.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 28 year-old female presented with sacrococcygeal chordoma for which she received wide local excision and adjuvant radiation therapy. She enjoyed an unusual disease-free survival for 11 years until a routine surveillance scan of the pelvis identified local recurrence. Further work up revealed bilateral pulmonary metastases. She underwent local excision of the recurrent tumor and video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) wedge resection of pulmonary metastases. She also received adjuvant radiation therapy to the recurrent resection bed. Two years later, she remains free of disease and symptoms.DISCUSSIONChordomas are commonly insensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, making surgery the most successful therapeutic modality. However, there are few guidelines on the surveillance and treatment of recurrent chordoma. We report success with aggressive surgical resection of recurrence and metastasis as well as adjuvant radiation therapy.CONCLUSIONThe prolonged survival of our patient underscores the importance of (1) aggressive surgical resection of chordoma, whether primary, recurrent, or metastatic, with adjuvant radiation therapy, (2) minimization of surgical seeding of tumor, and (3) diligent cancer surveillance

Effect of different phosphorus sources applied with phosphate solubilizing bacteria on bio-geochemical properties and phosphorus release pattern in vertisol

Various phosphorus (P) fertilizers are used for crop production in different types of soil. But there is a knowledge gap in choosing the right source and form of  P fertilizers to enhance the applied fertilizer use efficiency. An experiment was taken to identify the best phosphorus source and its effectiveness as a source of P in vertisol to unravel this problem of selecting suitable P fertilizer. With this background, an incubation experiment was conducted under laboratory condition to determine the phosphorus release pattern of different P sources [Single Super Phosphate (SSP), Rock Phosphate (RP), Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), Nano phosphate (Nano P), Phosphocompost (PC)] applied with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and their influence on biogeochemical properties in vertisol.  Experimental results emphasized that P release from different sources was influenced by soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial population. Applied P sources significantly(p=0.05) influenced the CEC, SOC, and microbial population except for soil pH and Ec. The maximum release in available P was obtained at 30 and 60 days after incubation with SSP +PSB  (35.8 and 40.1 mg kg-1) and Nano P + PSB (33.9 and 38.6 mg kg-1) applied treatments, respectively.Whereas at 90 days after incubation Nano P + PSB (42.3 mg kg-1) and Phosphocompost + PSB (40.4 mg kg-1) treatments recorded the maximum P availability and minimum P (15.2, 13.9 and 11.8 mg kg -1) release was noticed in the control treatment throughout the period of incubation. It was evident that SSP or Nano P along with PSB application might be the best P source for Vertisol