Psychological Case Record

PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA: Mr. R, an above average student, began to fare very badly in exams during his +2 period. He complained of inability to memorise and was often noted to be lost in thoughts. His interactions with friends and later with family members declined gradually after he discontinued his studies. He also became suspicious of his own family members, frequently argued and shouted at them for minor events and later accused them of trying to kill by poisoning his food. During daytime he was found sitting alone and muttering to himself. His self care deteriorated and he grew a long beard; wore the same clothes for days together. No h/o substance abuse, seizures, head injury or LOC. No treatment to date. MENTAL RETARDATION – MILD: The patient was born of a non consanguineous marriage, full term normal delivery. Mother’s age at time of conception was 24 years and father’s age was 28 years. No history of any drug intake, fever or exanthematous eruptions in antenatal period. No antenatal checkup. No history of radiation, injury, malnutrition, vaginal bleeding. Delivery was conducted by an ayah. Cried soon after birth, breast fed after a short while. No history of neonatal seizures or difficulty in feeding. No history of jaundice. Breastfed upto 1 year. No weaning difficulties. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER: According to the patient, about one year back she started to worry about her routines and started to wash repeatedly her hands and used to take bath for long hours to keep herself clean. Though she preferred to keep herself clean, she excessively indulged in these acts only in recent times. The thoughts of cleanliness occurred repeatedly as intrusive ones in her mind and got partial satisfaction only after performing these acts. This also resulted in disturbance in her work time, resulting in absenteeism and she was left feeling helpless over this issue. She kept doubting about matters like whether she had locked the door, switched off the lights and would keep checking repeatedly even though she felt it was excessive. She also had disturbed sleep at times pondering over these issues. She felt low over this problem and consulted IMH OP, and was put on Clomipramine and Amitryptiline, following which she showed improvement. No h/o hearing voices, suspiciousness. No h/o tall claims. No h/o head trauma or seizures. IPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER – DEPRESSION: Ms. L was apparently normal 3 months ago, when she was noticed to be quieter than usual since changing residence, looked dull and less communicative. She felt low most of the day, did not feel like doing anything, felt intensely tired and a distinct lack of interest in doing things she used to enjoy earlier. She kept worrying over minor matters and became annoyed and irritated at the slightest provocation. She had difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep – got up frequently during the night. She had loss of appetite. She felt giddy, tremulous, sweating at times when she went out. She had taken an over dosage of tablets 2 weeks ago following a quarrel at home. No history of hearing voices. No history of substance abuse, head injury, fits. DEMENTIA: The patient who was brought by his sons was apparently normal till one year back. Then, his elder son noticed that the patient repeatedly searched for certain common things in the house. He would forget simple things in the house like the way for going to toilet. At times he also found it difficult to return to his house after going for a walk. In course of time, he was not able to identify his close relatives and called his son as his brother. He was not able to remember whether he had taken his food or not. His personal hygiene decreased gradually due to not taking bath and improper dressing. He would pass urine inside the house itself at times. He sleeps for very little time and would wake up in the wee hours of the night and keep pacing inside the house

A GREEN STRATEGY TO SYNTHESIZE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS – A REVIEW

Chemical reducing and capping reagents are largely used in synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles which limits the biomedical applications. Researchers have recently found out the eco-friendly technique of green synthesis which enhances the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. In this critique, we discuss green route to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles and its significant applications in various fields of energy and environment, aerospace, medicine, biotechnology, etc.This study arouses to provoke new research design of approach to synthesize nanoparticles for various technological applications. In this review, most of the metal oxides nanoparticles with different plant extract with enhanced properties for its potential applications are discussed which confirms plant extracts as a potential candidate to be used as reducing and capping agent

A Study on Awareness Levels and Adaptation Strategies for Climate Variability among Farmers

Climate change has become a severe threat to the development and communities around the globe are already experiencing the sudden impacts. It is also being assumed that climate change will have significant negative impacts on agricultural productivity .In this respect 120 farmers were interviewed as respondents to explore the climate variability/change awareness and farmers mitigation strategies. This study was conducted in Rangareddy district of Telangana .Three mandals were selected randomly .From each mandal two villages and from each village 20 farmers were selected randomly .Total number of respondents are 120 Findings of the study indicated that farmers\u27 awareness regarding climate variability was very poor they were just having knowledge on behalf of their farming experience. Varied response was seen regarding causes of climate change. In addition, adaptations of mitigation strategies such as natural resource management, water harvesting, crop diversification migration to less weather prone area and USAge of weather resistant varieties were almost negligible. Results showed that out of 15 adaptation strategies, micro irrigation ranked first among farm adaptive measures, while crop insurance has ranked as least utilized. Conservation agriculture could be the most viable strategy. Farmers have to utilize their existing resources in judicious ways. It is suggested on the basis of findings that role of extension field staff should be diversified. Farmers need capacity building regarding conservation agriculture. Moreover, it is dire need to popularize climate change and its adaptation through effective media campaign

Neraca Kehidupan Kutukebul Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Pada Tanaman Cabai Dan Gulma Babadotan Pada Suhu 25 °C Dan 29 °C

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest on horticultural crops that can also become a vector of Geminivirus that transmit the yellow curl disease. B. tabaci can also attack weeds that grow around the field such as Ageratum conyzoides or goatweed. The objective of this research was to study the life cycle, life time, fecundity, and reproduction rate of B. tabaci on Chili pepper and goatweed. The experiment was conducted by observing the development of 50 eggs into adulthood. All 50 eggs were put on one plant and repeated 3 times. The plants were grown at temperatures 25 °C and 29 °C inside growth chamber (L : D = 12 : 12). The result of this experiments showed that at both temperatures of 25 °C and 29 °C, reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and fecundity of B. tabaci were higher on goatweed than Chili pepper. This implies that the existence of goatweed around Chili pepper in the field can serve as a good alternative host for B. tabaci, hereby supporting the pest population even further

Immunohistochemical study of PDL 1 Expression in Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Lung carcinomas leading cause of death among all malignancies world wide. Among various types of lung cancers 80-85% comprises non small cell lung carcinoma. these non small cell lung carcinoma are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy compared to small cell carcinoma. These tumors have high expression of check point protein PD1/PDL1.By inhibiting these proteins enables T cell to attack tumor cells indicating good prognosis with immunotherapy. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: In this study we evaluate the status of PDL1 expression in non small cell lung carcinoma thereby aiding in prognosis an immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a study period of 2 years from June 2017 to June 2019 we performed both prospective and retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed to have biopsy proven Non small cell lung carcinoma in Institute of pathology ,Madras medical college, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai.The lung carcinoma specimens with the clinical details of respective patients are collected.corresponding HPE slides are prepared from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue of lung carcinoma specimens.blocks of histopathologically proven lung carcinoma are taken up for PDL1 immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Large proportion of advanced NSCLC cases have a positive PD-L1 immunoreactivity so they may be potentially responsive to PD-L1 immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression is significantly related to p53 protein expression. Current data suggest that PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are promising targets, and immunotherapy against these proteins have a great impact on overall survival and prognosis. PD-L1 IHC is the best currently available biomarker for evaluation of its expression. CONCLUSION: To conclude, a large proportion of advanced NSCLC cases have a positive PD-L1 immunoreactivity so they may be potentially responsive to PD-L1 immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression is significantly related to p53 protein expression. Current data suggest that PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are promising targets, and immunotherapy against these proteins have a great impact on overall survival and prognosis. PD-L1 IHC is the best currently available biomarker, although it is not optimal. The possibility of a choice approaches to PD-L1 IHC testing would bring significant challenges for both oncologists and pathologists. High expression of PD-L1 indicates the presence of an ongoing tumor microenvironment immune response influencing patient survival. Evaluating their expression in the tumor microenvironment assist treatment decision-making by allowing individualized risk stratification and aiding in the selection of patients for adjuvant treatment and choice of order and type of treatment

Four Element Microstrip Antenna Array with Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure and Silver Material Deposition for Reduced Mutual Coupling

This paper presents the performance of four element microstrip antenna array. The overall bandwidth of the microstrip antenna array with silver material coating is equal to 228.53 % as compared to 75.91 % without silver material coating. The microstrip antenna array with silver material coating of 30 mm thickness is producing good reduction in mutual coupling values at the resonant frequency of 5.53 GHz. Moreover, the radiation properties of antenna array are improved with good reduction in power radiated in the undesired direction. FR-4 glass epoxy substrate is used as dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0245. The microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and the measured results are obtained using vector network analyzer

Prediction of Housing Price and Forest Cover Using Mosaics with Uncertain Satellite Imagery

The growing world is more expensive to estimate land use, road length, and forest cover using a plant-scaled ground monitoring system. Satellite imaging contains a significant amount of detailed uncertain information. Combining this with machine learning aids in the organization of these data and the estimation of each variable separately. The resources necessary to deploy Machine learning technologies for Remote sensing images, on the other hand, restrict their reach ability and application. Based on satellite observations which are notably underutilised in impoverished nations, while practical competence to implement SIML might be restricted. Encoded forms of images are shared across tasks, and they will be calculated and sent to an infinite number of researchers who can achieve top-tier SIML performance by training a regression analysis onto the actual data. By separating the duties, the proposed SIML solution, MOSAIKS, shapes SIML approachable and global. A Featurization stage turns remote sensing data into concise vector representations, and a regression step makes it possible to learn the correlations which are specific to its particular task which link the obtained characteristics to the set of uncertain data

Effect of organic mulches and foliar spray of kaolin on NPK uptake in enhancing yield and economics of dry land maize (Zea mays L.)

The hot and semi-arid region is prone to meteorological droughts; the lack of rain is frequently accompanied by hot temperatures, strong winds, and low humidity, which has the impact of limiting nutrient uptake and agricultural yields. To overcome this problem a field study conducted during June, 2020 kharif season at farmers field, Chinna Dudyala village, Muddanur, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh aimed to determine the effect of organic mulches and foliar spray of kaolin on NPK uptake in enhancing yield and economics of dry land maize (Zea mays). One of the most important techniques for preserving soil moisture was mulching, which also reduces evapotranspiration when anti-transpirants are used. The experiment comprised nine treatments (T1 to T9) with four types of organic mulches viz., Paddy straw, Ground-nut haulm, Coir-pith, and Sugarcane trash, with foliar spray of kaolin intervals on 40 DAS, 20 & 40 DAS and farmers practice to minimize water stress and improve the nutrient uptake by plant. Among the application of the treatments, coir-pith mulch + foliar spray of kaolin @ 3.0% (T6) on 20 DAS & 40 DAS had significant effect on NPK uptake with N (187.15 kg ha-1), P (69.60 kg ha-1) and K (156.22 kg ha-1) and enhanced grain yield (6976 kg ha-1) and stover yield (10980 kg ha-1), highest gross returns (138034 ₹. ha-1) and BCR (2.63) and was superior to all the other treatments. The present study would help to effectively utilise the available resources, enhance growth and productivity in maize crop and to make economically viable to the farmers of semi-arid regions