Fluconazole-induced Stevens-Jonson syndrome

A 25-year-old girl self-administered tab fluconazole for vulvovaginal candidiasis and developed fever, myalgia and erythematous papular eruptions with itching at both upper and lower lip, mucous membrane of the mouth, vaginal region, which subsequently changed into blister and multiple ulcers. She also had difficulty in swallowing due to painful erosions of the mouth and oropharynx and severe burning pain at vulval and vaginal region. There was bilateral conjunctival hemorrhage. Investigation report revealed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein, which was suggesting the diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. She was treated mainly by corticosteroids, antihistamines and antimicrobials and improved. Time taken for resolution of the lesion was 14 days. Rechallenge with the offending drug was not done in the interest of the patient and due to ethical constraints

Determination of Linagliptin using HPLC Method.

Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry, which covers a series of subjects covering the science of chemical separation, identification, detection and measurement of a sample. It is mainly involved in the qualitative identification or detection of compounds and quantitative measurement of the substances present in the bulk and pharmaceutical preparation. Qualitative identification provides information about the identity of an atomic, molecular or bimolecular species. Quantitative measurement provides numerical information as to the relative amounts of species. The present study describes sensitive and reproducible method for the quantitative determinationlinagliptin and its degradation behavior. The method was based on high performanceliquid chromatographic separation of the drug on the MicrosorbC8 (25 cms long 4.6mm inner diameter)column at ambient temperature using mobile phase potassiumdihydrogen phosphate(40mM: pH 3) and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v). Flow rate was 1.0mL/min and retention time was found to be 4.19min. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 225nm based on peak area with linear calibration curve at concentration range 0.2 - 16μg/mL. This method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excepients was found. The method was validated. Relative standard deviation values for all key parameters were less than 2.0%. Excellent recoveries (98.51 and 99.82%) proved that the method was sufficiently accurate. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.06 and 0.18μg/mL, respectively. The RSD valves for intraday and inter-day precision below 2.0%. Acceptable robustness indicates that the assay method remains unaffected by small but deliberate variations

Luminosity distance in Swiss cheese cosmology with randomized voids and galaxy halos

We study the fluctuations in luminosity distance due to gravitational lensing produced both by galaxy halos and large scale voids. Voids are represented via a "Swiss cheese" model consisting of a \LambdaCDM Friedman-Robertson-Walker background in which a number of randomly distributed, spherical regions of comoving radius 35 Mpc are removed. A fraction of the removed mass is then placed on the shells of the spheres, in the form of randomly located halos, modeled with Navarro-Frenk-White profiles. The remaining mass is placed in the interior of the spheres, either smoothly distributed, or as randomly located halos. We compute the distribution of magnitude shifts using a variant of the method of Holz & Wald (1998), which includes the effect of lensing shear. In the two models we consider, the standard deviation of this distribution is 0.065 and 0.072 magnitudes and the mean is -0.0010 and -0.0013 magnitudes, for voids of radius 35 Mpc, sources at redshift 1.5, with the voids chosen so that 90% of the mass is on the shell today. The standard deviation due to voids and halos is a factor ~ 3 larger than that due to 35 Mpc voids alone with a 1 Mpc shell thickness which we studied in our previous work. To a good approximation, the variance of the distribution depends only on the mean column depth and concentration of halos and on the fraction of the mass density that is in the form of halos (as opposed to smoothly distributed): it is independent of how the halos are distributed in space. We derive an approximate analytic formula for the variance that agrees with our numerical results to \lesssim 20% out to z\simeq 1.5.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure

Traditional practices of utilization and conservation of non-wood forest products by Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh

The survey was carried out during 2009-11 to collect the information of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) utilized by the Adi tribes of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh. It was observeds that Adi tribes used to collect different NWFPs such as wild fruits (Artocarpus heterophyllum Lam., Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A. DC., Canarium strictum Roxb. etc.), vegetables (Bauhinia variegata L., Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Moringa oleifera Lam. etc.), spices (Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eber.,Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Piper longum L.), fibres (Calamus flagellum Griff. ex Mart., Dendrocalamus hemiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro, Pandanus nepaulensis H. St. John and Sterculia villosa Roxb.), floss (Bombax ceiba L.,), broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Ktze.), thatching material (Livistona jenkinsiana Griff.), various bamboo and cane species, and other miscellaneous products from the forests and community lands. NWFPs played a significant role in supporting the livelihood of Adi tribes as it has been observed that 32.50 %, 56.67 % and 10.83 % people were earning < Rs. 3000, Rs. 3000 - 6000 and > Rs. 6000, respectively from the sale of different NWFPs. Majority of respondents (80.83 %) were having the opinion that the availability of different NWFPs has declined considerably and maximum (85 %) respondents advocated that the availability of these products would further decrease in future also. Further, Adi tribal community is playing an important role in conservation of different NWFPs yielding species by domesticating them in their home gardens

Luminosity distance in Swiss cheese cosmology with randomized voids. II. Magnification probability distributions

We study the fluctuations in luminosity distances due to gravitational lensing by large scale (> 35 Mpc) structures, specifically voids and sheets. We use a simplified "Swiss cheese" model consisting of a \Lambda -CDM Friedman-Robertson-Walker background in which a number of randomly distributed non-overlapping spherical regions are replaced by mass compensating comoving voids, each with a uniform density interior and a thin shell of matter on the surface. We compute the distribution of magnitude shifts using a variant of the method of Holz & Wald (1998), which includes the effect of lensing shear. The standard deviation of this distribution is ~ 0.027 magnitudes and the mean is ~ 0.003 magnitudes for voids of radius 35 Mpc, sources at redshift z_s=1.0, with the voids chosen so that 90% of the mass is on the shell today. The standard deviation varies from 0.005 to 0.06 magnitudes as we vary the void size, source redshift, and fraction of mass on the shells today. If the shell walls are given a finite thickness of ~ 1 Mpc, the standard deviation is reduced to ~ 0.013 magnitudes. This standard deviation due to voids is a factor ~ 3 smaller than that due to galaxy scale structures. We summarize our results in terms of a fitting formula that is accurate to ~ 20%, and also build a simplified analytic model that reproduces our results to within ~ 30%. Our model also allows us to explore the domain of validity of weak lensing theory for voids. We find that for 35 Mpc voids, corrections to the dispersion due to lens-lens coupling are of order ~ 4%, and corrections to due shear are ~ 3%. Finally, we estimate the bias due to source-lens clustering in our model to be negligible

IMPLEMENTATION OF QCA COMPARATOR ARCHITECTURE FOR POWER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultra-dense-low-power high-performance digital circuits. Efficient solutions have recently been proposed for several arithmetic circuits, such as adders, multipliers, and comparators. Nevertheless, since the design of digital circuits in QCA still poses several challenges, novel implementation strategies and methodologies are highly desirable. This paper proposes a new design approach oriented to the implementation of binary comparators in QCA. New formulations of basic logic equations required to perform the comparison function are proposed. The new strategy has been exploited in the design of two different comparator architectures and for several operands word lengths. With respect to existing counterparts, the comparators proposed here exhibit significantly higher speed and reduced overall area. The proposed scheme, we deal with 32-bit numbers with less number of resources unlike conventional comparators, which leads to the realization of low power and area efficient comparator. This comparator can be widely used in central processing units (CPUs) and microcontrollers