Novel Scheme for Minimal Iterative PSO Algorithm for Extending Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network

Clustering is one of the operations in the wireless sensor network that offers both streamlined data routing services as well as energy efficiency. In this viewpoint, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has already proved its effectiveness in enhancing clustering operation, energy efficiency, etc. However, PSO also suffers from a higher degree of iteration and computational complexity when it comes to solving complex problems, e.g., allocating transmittance energy to the cluster head in a dynamic network. Therefore, we present a novel, simple, and yet a cost-effective method that performs enhancement of the conventional PSO approach for minimizing the iterative steps and maximizing the probability of selecting a better clustered. A significant research contribution of the proposed system is its assurance towards minimizing the transmittance energy as well as receiving energy of a cluster head. The study outcome proved proposed a system to be better than conventional system in the form of energy efficiency

Novel Bacteria Foraging Optimization for Energy-efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Network

Optimization techniques based on Swarm-intelligence has been reported to have significant benefits towards addressing communication issues in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We reviewed the most dominant swarm intelligence technique called as Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) to find that there are very less significant model towards addressing the problems in WSN. Therefore, the proposed paper introduced a novel BFO algorithm which maintains a very good balance between the computational and communication demands of a sensor node unlike the conventional BFO algorithms. The significant contribution of the proposed study is to minimize the iterative steps and inclusion of minimization of both receiving / transmittance power in entire data aggregation process. The study outcome when compared with standard energy-efficient algorithm was found to offer superior network lifetime in terms of higher residual energy as well as data transmission performance

Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants

All environmental cues lead to develop secondary stress conditions like osmotic and oxidative stress conditions that reduces average crop yields by more than 50% every year. The univalent reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) in metabolic reactions consequently produces superoxide anions (O2•−) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously in all compartments of the cell that disturbs redox potential and causes threat to cellular organelles. The production of ROS further increases under stress conditions and especially in combination with high light intensity. Plants have evolved different strategies to minimize the accumulation of excess ROS like avoidance mechanisms such as physiological adaptation, efficient photosystems such as C4 or CAM metabolism and scavenging mechanisms through production of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays an important role in detoxifying excess ROS in plant cells, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in detoxifying O2•−radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) respectively, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) involved in recycling of reduced substrates such as ascorbate and glutathione. Efficient ROS management is one of the strategies used by tolerant plants to survive and perform cellular activities under stress conditions. The present chapter describes different sites of ROS generation and and their consequences under abiotic stress conditions and also described the approaches to overcome oxidative stress through genomics and genetic engineering

An Open Label Pre and Post Test Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of Tila Taila Abhyanga and Massage of Yoni in Cystocele with Special Reference to Chyuta Avastha of Vasti

Prolapse or downward displacement of pelvic organs especially vagina, uterus and rectum is a common and disabling condition among women of menopausal age group. It affects their quality of life also. Displacement of vaginal anterior compartment results in cystocele. Quoting Acharya Susruta reference, the aim of this study is to find the efficacy of Tila taila yoni Abhyaṅga in Cyuta avastha of Vasti with respect to first degree cystocele. 30 subjects were selected satisfying inclusion and exclusion criterias with the approval of Institutional ethical committee. Clinical evaluation is done with the help of relevant subjective and objective parameters. The subjective parameters were assessed before and after the treatment for a period of one month with UDI questionnaire and objective parameter with Baden-Walker system of grading Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Three months follow-up evaluation was also done with same parameters. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is used to statically decompose the clinical data. Subjective parameters showed improvement of the condition viz frequency and urgency of urination, urine leakage with and without any activity, cough, sneeze, small amount of urine leakage, difficult and incomplete bladder emptying, bulging in vagina However, leakage not related to urgency, lower abdominal pressure, painful urination and lower abdomen or genital area, pelvic area heaviness or dullness, pelvic discomfort and burning micturition showed only a little reduction with the treatment. Objective parameter is also highly statistically significant at p value < 0.001

Adsorptive Removal of Malachite Green Dye onto Coal-Associated Soil and Conditions Optimization

The present research was investigated to eliminate the cationic dye (malachite green (MG)) from the water environment using coal-associated soil. The adsorbent material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) analyses. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the different factors which affect the adsorption study. The maximum percentage removal of MG dye was attained as follows: adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/L (0.2 to 1.6 g/L), solution pH of 6.0 (2.0 to 9.0), temperature of 30°C (30 to 60°C), time contact of 60min (10 to 90 min), and dye’s concentration of 25 mg/L (25 to 150 mg/L). The adsorption isotherm was studied with four different isotherm models and results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit than the other nonlinear models to designate the isotherm behaviours with R2 value of 0.9568, and the maximum adsorption capacity of coal-associated soil for MG dye adsorption is 89.97 mg/g. The evaluation of kinetic studies was performed by using three different kinetic models, where it exposed that pseudofirst order providing the best fit with R2 value of 0.96 (25 to 150 mg/L). The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), entropy (ΔS°), and enthalpy (ΔH°) were endorsing that the present adsorption system was exothermic. Thus, the experimental results state that coal-associated soil could be an alternative material for the exclusion of dyes from water