160 research outputs found

    The Development of an Achievement Test for the Principles and Methods of Instruction Course

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    DergiPark: 494903tredTheaim of this study was to develop an Achievement Test in the Principles andMethods of Instruction Course. 14 objectives were developed in accordance withthe aims and goals of the course as determined by the Council of HigherEducation. The first form of the achievement test which consisted of 49 items wasapplied to 486 sophomore students who took the Principles and Methods ofInstruction Course at the spring semester of 2016-2017 academic year. TestAnalysis Program (TAP, version 14. 7. 4) was used to examine the itemdiscrimination indices, item difficulty indices and reliability coefficient ofthe achievement test. After conducting the analysis, the difficulty indices ofthe remaining items ranged between ‘0.15-0.74’ with a mean difficulty index of0.51. The item discrimination indices were between ‘0.21-0.57’ with a meandifficulty index of 0.37. Finally, the KR-20 value was found to be 0.78

    A NEW APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS RELATED TO FLIPPED LEARNING

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    The purpose of this study was to develop and implement flipped learning materials in the Principles and Methods of Instruction course and investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers about flipped learning. This study was conducted in the fall semester of 2017-2018 for 11 weeks at a public university located in the Aegean Region in Turkey. This study employed a mixed method research design. There were 30 pre-service teachers in the flipped learning group. In the current study, student questionnaire and interview schedule were implemented. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. For the analysis of the data, SPSS 22.0 was used and alpha level was determined as .05. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by using both the content and descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of the study showed that pre-service teachers mostly had positive perceptions about flipped learning processes and materials. They agreed that flipped learning supported and facilitated learning was effective in order to practice theoretical knowledge and contributed to personal development and self-enhancement. Their perceptions were examined and discussed in detail. Keywords: Flipped learning, pre-service teacher education, video

    COMPUTER SUPPORTED ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE DISCUSSIONS IN TEACHER EDUCATION

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    This study aimed to investigate the course achievement, cognitive levels of posts of pre-service teachers’ reflections, interaction types and the perceptions about asynchronous online discussions. In this mixed method research study, 72 pre-service teachers were included according to convenience sampling method. Moreover, 10 willing pre-service teachers were selected for the interviews according to maximum variation sampling method. The data were collected through an achievement test, students’ Edmodo posts and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through an independent-samples t-test, chi-square test and thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that although the mean scores of experiment group was higher than the control group, being either in cased-based-discussion group or control group did not affect the curriculum knowledge of pre-service teachers significantly. Experiment group tended to make more postings than the control group; however, the difference was not significant. Finally, although pre-service teachers mostly mentioned affordances of asynchronous online discussions such as engaging learners, increasing peer interaction, obtaining feedback, having more time to think before posting responses, they also stated internal and external limiting factors to post in asynchronous online discussions which were discussed in detail. Keywords: Cognitive levels of online posts, interaction, online discussions, teacher educationBu çalışma, öğretmen adaylarının ders başarılarını, gönderilerinin bilişsel düzeylerini, etkileşim türlerini ve asenkron çevrimiçi tartışmalara ilişkin algılarını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu karma yöntem araştırma çalışmasına uygun örnekleme yöntemine göre 72 öğretmen adayı dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca, maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemine göre görüşmeler için gönülü 10 öğretmen adayı seçilmiştir. Veriler, başarı testi, öğrencilerin Edmodo gönderileri ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmış ve bağımsız örneklem t testi, ki-kare testi ve tematik analiz yoluyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, deney grubunun ortalama puanlarının kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olmasına rağmen durum temelli tartışma grubunda veya kontrol grubunda yer almanın öğretmen adaylarının program bilgilerini önemli ölçüde etkilemediğini göstermiştir. Deney grubu, kontrol grubuna göre daha fazla gönderi yapma eğilimindedir; ancak, bu fark anlamlı değildi. Son olarak, öğretmen adayları çoğunlukla öğrencilerin ilgisini çekme, akran etkileşimini artırma, geri bildirim alma, yanıt göndermeden önce düşünmek için daha fazla zamana sahip olma gibi asenkron çevrimiçi tartışmaların sağladığı olanaklardan bahsetmelerine rağmen, aynı zamanda asenkron çevrimiçi tartışmaları yayınlamak için dahili ve harici sınırlayıcı faktörleri de belirtmişlerdir ve bunlar ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Çevrimiçi gönderilerin bilişsel düzeyleri, çevrimiçi tartışmalar, etkileşim öğretmen eğitim

    An analysis of the learning outcomes of the 2018 geography curriculum for 9th and 10th grades according to Webb’s depth of knowledge

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    There are many taxonomies in education related to the cognitive learning domain. This study aimed to analyze the learning outcomes in the 9th and 10th grade 2018 geography curriculum according to Webb's depth of knowledge. Document analysis was used in the study. The geography curriculum was analyzed by considering the four levels of Webb’s depth of knowledge and the scope of the acts and learning outcomes identified for social sciences. In this context, the levels of 56 learning outcomes in the 2018 geography curriculum were analyzed by grade and unit. It was found that the learning outcomes in Webb's depth of knowledge were not distributed evenly across grades, units and levels. Half of the 9th and 10th grade outcomes were at Level 2, while the other half were distributed between Level 1 and Level 3. At Level 4, there was only one outcome in Grade 9. Level 2 was predominant in the learning outcomes of the Natural Systems unit in Grade 9 and of the Human Systems unit in Grade 10. Tasks with a high level of complexity were more common in Grade 10. "The Environment and Society" and "The Global Environment: Regions and Countries" units did not have learning outcomes at all levels. The characteristics of the course content were effective in determining the level of the learning outcomes. For a holistic evaluation of the 2018 geography curriculum in terms of Webb's Depth of Knowledge, it is recommended to examine how the 11th and 12th-grade outcomes were distributed

    Biobanking of vegetable genetic resources by in vitro conservation and cryopreservation

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    Today, application of in vitro culture by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures and cryopreservation of organs, tissues and cells in liquid nitrogen presents a remarkable strategic tool to support medium- and long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. Over the last 30 years, considerable progresses have been made in the development of both methods that are currently considered as ex situ conservation strategies, complementary to traditional seed banks and in-field clonal collections. Efficient protocols were developed for the conservation of a large number of crops, including strategically-important vegetables, such as garlic, artichoke, asparagus, cassava, Jerusalem artichoke, mint, potato, sweet potato, chicory, taro, thyme and yam. As a consequence, more than 45,000 accessions of vegetable crops are maintained in 22 genetic resources conservation centers (biobanks), located in 16 countries and 6 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America). Approximately 4/5 of these accessions are maintained in vitro by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures, but cryopreservation is also constantly growing, with almost 8300 vegetable accessions being stored in liquid nitrogen at − 196 °C

    Temporary Immersion System for Micropropagation of Tree Species: a Bibliographic and Systematic Review

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    This paper was characterized by a bibliometric and systematic review on the database ISI Web of Science, aiming to provide an update of the main points addressed regarding the Temporary Immersion Systems (TIS) for micropropagation of tree species. It was pointed out that the frequency and time of immersion were one of the main parameters studied in the papers and 35% these papers worked with eucalyptus species. The main problem reported in the papers was the hyperhydricity, but it was overcome via procedures such as: a) air injection into the system, b) increasing the immersion intervals and decreasing the immersion time and c) decreasing concentration of cytokinin. Most papers reported that TIS produced plants that were more successful in surviving the ex-vitro acclimation stage than those produced on semi-solid media or continuous immersion systems. Few studies compared different types of temporary immersion bioreactors on micropropagation of plants and within the established criteria, papers with TIS tree species represented only 15% of the total. This system has presented promising results for most of the tree species, and although some gaps have been identified and few are the works with tree species, this process has been taking an increasingly larger space in the propagation of plants

    Strategies for Fast Multiplication and Conservation of Forest Trees by Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation: a Case Study with Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)

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    Common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) is one of the most widespread species in the Mediterranean area. It has been traditionally cultivated for its ornamental value, becoming a typical feature of urban and rural landscapes, and high timber quality. In the last 30 years, cypress has been subjected to important breeding programmes, aimed to select clones tolerant to the widespread canker, caused by the pathogenic fungus Seiridium cardinale, leading to various patented varieties today available on the market, as well as for genotypes producing null or low amount of allergenic pollen. Somatic embryogenesis is a suitable in vitro regeneration method for fast cloning of conifer trees, and the cryopreservation of embryogenic callus is a significant tool for the safe long-term conservation of valuable cell lines. Recently, a complete protocol for the production of cypress plants from somatic embryogenesis was developed for the patented clone 'Mediterraneo'. Here, the coupling of somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation may offer a superior tool to propagate and maintain selected genotypes of cypress by overcoming repetitive subculturing of selected embryogenic callus lines. For the above, this study aimed to compare different cryopreservation techniques (PVS2-based vitrification and slow cooling) with the 'Mediterraneo' embryogenic callus line. Best results were obtained after the optimization of a slow cooling procedure, based on the 30-min treatment of embryogenic masses with a cryoprotective solution containing 180 g l-1 sucrose and 7.5% DMSO, followed by the reduction of the temperature at a rate of -1 °C min-1 up to -40 °C and the subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen ("two-step freezing")

    Formulation of a 1D finite element of heat exchanger for accurate modelling of the grouting behaviour: Application to cyclic thermal loading

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    This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of a finite element for the modelling of borehole heat exchangers. This work focuses on the accurate modelling of the grouting and the field of temperature near a single borehole. Therefore the grouting of the BHE is explicitly modelled. The purpose of this work is to provide tools necessary to the further modelling of thermo-mechanical couplings. The finite element discretises the classical governing equation of advection-diffusion of heat within a 1D pipe connected to ground nodes. Petrov-Galerkin weighting functions are used to avoid numerical disturbances. The formulation is able to capture highly transient and steady-state phenomena. The proposed finite element is validated with respect to analytical solutions. An example consisting of a 100 m depth U-pipe is finally simulated. A first continuous heating simulation highlights the nonsymmetric distribution of temperature inside and near the borehole. An estimation of the error on the results as a function of the resolution parameters is also carried out. Finally simulations of cyclic thermal loading exhibit the need to take into account all daily variations if the grouting behaviour must be modelled. This is true especially in case of freeze-thaw damaging risk.Geotherwa
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