Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Red blood cell distribution width are independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in Gastrointestinal system bleeding patients

Background. In this study, we aimed to examine demographic and endoscopic features of patients with GI bleeding to determine the factors affecting 30-day mortality. Method. Patient’s demographic features, laboratory outcomes, comorbidities, drug use, endoscopy outcomes, Glasgow-Blatchford scores, and mortality status were examined. The factors affecting 30-day mortality were investigated. Results. The mean age of the patients was 58.2±17.4 years, and 72.1% were male patients. 30-day mortality rate was found to be 14.4%. The mean age of patients who died was high (p0.05). Urea, neutrophils, red blood cell distribution width / platelet ratio, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio and RDW levels were high, and hemoglobin level was significantly low in patients with a mortal progression (p0.05). Glasgow-Blatchford score was significantly higher in patients who died (p<0.05). Conclusion. Many factors affect 30-day mortality in GI bleeding. It should be remembered that follow-up of patients with an advanced age who have comorbidity and impaired hemodynamics should be kept for long, and that these patients are at a high risk for mortality. According to our results, NLR and RDW are independent factors that determine the 30-day mortality in upper GI bleeding

Effect of Ferula elaeochytris root extract on smooth muscle contraction of vas deferens gland in rat

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Ferula elaeochytris (FE) at the prostatic and epididymal ends of rat vas deferens. Methods: The effects of cumulative concentrations of FE (10 μL; 31.25 mg/μL and 20 μL; 62.5 mg/μL) were investigated on prostatic and epididymal ends of rat vas deferens in the presence of prazosin (0.3 μM), suramin (100 μM), atropine (10 nM) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NOARG; 100 μM). The muscle contractions were induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS; 4 Hz, 50 V, 0.15 ms). Calcium (3 and 6 mM) was added into the bath medium while electrical field stimulation (EFS) was in progress. Results: Ferula elaeochytris significantly inhibited the muscle contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of prazosin or suramin, the contractile responses to EFS were significantly inhibited by FE at the prostatic and epididymal ends of vas deferens (p &lt; 0.05). However, this inhibition was not affected by atropine and L- NOARG, suggesting that there is no direct interaction of FE with cholinergic and nitrergic responses. However, in the presence of prazosin or suramin, Ca2+ addition to the organ bath significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of FE at the prostatic and epididymal ends of vas deferens (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: These results show an inhibitory effect for the extract of FE on neurogenic contractile activity of prostatic and epididymal ends of vas deferens. This effect of FE may be associated with Ca2+ channels. Keywords: Contractile activity; Electrical Field Stimulation (EFS); Ferula elaeochytris; Rat; Vas deferen

From the Editor in Chief...

We are pleased to present the May-2012 issue of the Journal of Social Studies Education Research (JSSER). We would like to start with giving information about the first International Symposium on Social Studies Education: New Trends and Issues in Citizenship and Democracy Education in a Changing World’. Association for Social Studies Educators has successfully completed the first symposium in corporation with Marmara University and Council of Europe in 20-22 April 2012 in İstanbul, Turkey. The first International Social Studies Symposium took place with 250 participants from 11 different countries: Turkey, Brazil, Canada, England, The USA, Germany, France, Italy, Malaysia, Azerbaijan, Greece and Kirgizstan. There were 151 full oral and 4 poster presentations presented by the participants. This event provided opportunities for participant to exchange ideas and learn about perceptions of citizenship and citizenship education in different countrie

FROM THE EDITOR

Hello, Thanks for joining us again in this November 2014 issue (V/2) of Journal of Social Studies Education Research (JSSER). Our journal has completed its 5 years with this current issue. As the family of Association of Social Studies Educators (ASSE), we are extremely delighted and proud to see the blossoms that we first watered in 2009. JSSER has turned to a qualified electronic journal that has been acknowledged and indexed by various indexes in recent years. One of those indexes has been recognized by Turkish Higher Education Council as a database that includes periodicals regarded as publishing quality academic papers that fulfills the requirements for applying associate professorship. Since its foundation, ASSE, the publisher of the JSSER has been playing the role of an instrument to manifest and improve the “New Social Studies Movement” which emerged through the end of 1990s. The mission of JSSER in this context is to meet the requirement for academic periodical, publishing studies on social studies education. Being published as an electronic journal, JSSER gives us an opportunity to take advantages of the so called Information Age. As a matter of fact, today’s electronic journals have a potential to reach more readers than most of the best-selling published periodicals of late 20th Century. Nevertheless, the same technologies present some risks that we cannot keep under control. The problems that the have been experiencing in the preparation processes of the last two issues are in this kind. In this issue, we have also experienced some communication problems as result of the moving of JSSER’s technical substructure to the Turkish Journal Park. As a result, only three papers, whose peer-reviewing processes had completed could be published in this current issue: Rishabh Kumar Mishra “Social Constructivism and Teaching of Social Science”, Hatice Türe and Arife Figen Ersoy “Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin Hoşgörü Algısı” (Social Studies Teachers’ Perceptions of Tolerance) and Feryal Çubukçu “Values Education Through Literary Texts”. These valuable papers have potential to contribute the literature on social studies education. One of the main aims of ASSE was to establish a regular scientific event through which social studies educators from Turkey and abroad get together to share their academic works and ideas. In conjunction with the Faculty of Education of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University we are organizing the Fourth International Symposium on Social Studies Education (ISSE) in April 2015. The main theme of ISSE the 4th is “Peace Education”. The preference of this theme emphasizes on our hopes and determination for our envision for peace in the late Ottoman geography, in which guns have still been on fire and people have still been shedding tears. And this could be regarded as something similar to the action of Mustafa Kemal Pasha who thought of about the reconstruction of the country after the war and assembled an “Educational Congress” in Ankara to discuss educational issues, during the most difficult days of the War of Independence in 1921. Adopting this approach, we have been considering putting effort to institutionalize the values of democracy, human rights, justice, freedom of thought and freedom of conscience. As a final remark, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the production of this issue and special thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erkan Dinç who acted as issue editor. Best regards and hope to meet you in ISSE the 4th

From the Editor

We, JSSER/SBEAD family, are thrilled to meet with you once again with this latestissue of JSSER. Every issue released boosts our confidence that our future-targets are even closer to reach; our hopes climb higher that in the years to come we shall eventually be able to build a world where peace, freedom and welfare are the only ruling power.While I am writing these lines, there is a civil war breaking out in our close neighbor Syria. Hundreds of thousands of Syrians are facing death every second. They are losing their beloved ones. They are forced to flee their homeland in mass numbers and stuck in refugee camps in southeastern cities of Turkey and Jordan desperately waiting for the days that peace shall prevail in their homeland again. An infinite number of children are dead out of hunger in so many different countries. And yet we should not fall into the dark wells of despair, though we should be fully aware of these brutal facts. That is because next to all these negations there are also so many joyful things taking place in this ever-dwarfing world. For instance, advancement in information and communication technologies made people global citizens. The children of today’s world, the generation next, are not only aware of the fact that children dying of thirst in the 21stcentury Africa but they feel responsible to help them in any way they can. Turkish children, for example, donated their pocket monies and initiated charity events to raise funds for the children in need in African. Indeed, Turkish children have acted as mediators in opening hundreds of wells for the recent years in Kenya, just one example, to meet hundreds of people in need ofdrinking water. Besides, children of modern ages shall no longer take that is taught to them by their future-builders as the only fact because their critical thinking skills and means to use a variety of information sources have escalated so much. The nextgeneration shall manage to build a world better than today if only we as educators and scientists strive harder to train them for this journey

Numerical and experimental investigation of quench process

Numerical and experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the evolution of residual stresses in quenched components induced by temperature gradient and phase transformations. In the numerical analysis, a finite element model is implemented for predicting the temperature field, phase changes with their associated internal stresses in axisymmetrical steel components. The model is verified by several comparisons with other known numerical results. Case studies are performed to investigate the effects of the quench bath temperature and the specimen geometry. Specimen geometry has been analyzed by introducing a hole in a cylinder and varying hole diameter and its eccentricity. Experiments include microstructural examination and X-ray diffraction measurements of surface residual stresses