Biquadratic Filter Applications Using a Fully-Differential Active-Only Integrator

A new class of active filters, real active-only filters is described and possible implementation issues of these filters are discussed. To remedy these issues, a fully-differential active-only integrator block built around current controlled current conveyors is presented. The integration frequency of the proposed circuit is adjustable over a wide frequency range. As an application, a real active-only filter based on the classical two-integrator loop topology is presented and designed. The feasibility of this filter in a 0.35µm CMOS process is verified through SPECTRE simulation program in the CADENCE design tool

Wide Range High Precision CMOS Exponential Circuit Based on Linear Least Squares Approach

A new strategy to implement exponential circuit in CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the new approximation function optimized by linear least squares approach to extend the output dynamic range. The current mode method is employed for realization of circuits, because of simple circuitry and intuitive topology. Unlike to the some reported circuits which were designed in the subthreshold region, the proposed design operates in the saturation region which provides acceptable bandwidth for the circuit. In order to validate the circuit performance, the post layout simulation results are presented using HSPICE and Cadence with TSMC level 49 (BSIM3v3) parameters for 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The results demonstrate 78 dB output dynamic range with the linearity error less than ±0.5 dB which shows a remarkable improvement in comparison with previously reported works. A bandwidth of 67 MHz, maximum power consumption of 0.326 mW under supply voltage of 1.5 V, and 0.77% error for temperature variations are further achievement of the design

An integrated circuit chaotic oscillator and its application for high speed random bit generation

An integrated continuous-time chaotic oscillator capable of operating at very high frequencies is presented and its application to a high-speed random bit generator is described. Numerical and experimental results show that the generated binary streams pass standard statistical tests. Simulation using CADENCE tools also verifies that the circuit operates in the GRz range

Do Foreigners Facilitate Information Transmission in Emerging Markets?

Using the degree of accessibility of foreign investors to emerging stock markets, or investibility, as a proxy for the extent of foreign investments, we assess whether investibility has a significant influence on the diffusion of global market information across stocks in emerging markets. We show that greater investibility reduces price delay to global market information where the price delay is measured as the proportion of stock returns explained by the lagged world market returns in the regression of stock returns on contemporaneous and lagged world and local market returns. We also find that returns of highly investible stocks lead those of non-investible stocks because they incorporate global information more quickly. These results are consistent with the idea that financial liberalization in the form of greater investibility yields informationally more efficient stock prices in emerging markets

Do Foreigners Facilitate Information Transmission in Emerging Markets?

Using the degree of accessibility of foreign investors to emerging stock markets, or investibility, as a proxy for the extent of foreign investments, we assess whether investibility has a significant influence on the diffusion of global market information across stocks in emerging markets. We show that greater investibility reduces price delay to global market information where the price delay is measured as the proportion of stock returns explained by the lagged world market returns in the regression of stock returns on contemporaneous and lagged world and local market returns. We also find that returns of highly investible stocks lead those of non-investible stocks because they incorporate global information more quickly. These results are consistent with the idea that financial liberalization in the form of greater investibility yields informationally more efficient stock prices in emerging markets