39 research outputs found
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DEATH ANXIETY OF NURSING STUDENTS
Background: It is required to determine death anxiety of nursing students so that they who will become healthcare professionals
can cope with the fast-spreading and high-mortality diseases such as COVID-19 infection upon graduation, can communicate with
infected and dying patients, and can provide patients with the necessary support and care. The purpose of this study is to determine
the death anxiety experienced by nursing students due to COVID-19, the related factors.
Subjects and methods: This descriptive and correlational study was completed between June and September 2020. The data
were collected by using the Socio-demographic and COVID-19 Pandemic Information Form and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The
student nurses who agreed to participate in the study were asked to fill out an online questionnaire that was sent by the researchers.
The study was conducted with 115 nursing students.
Results: The DAS mean scores of the nursing students were found to be 8.01+-1,96. When the correlation between DAS scores of
the nursing students and their knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 pandemic was examined, it was determined that as their
anxiety levels about transmission of coronavirus increased, DAS scores also increased (p=0.037). The scores of death anxiety scale
decreased as the level of students\u27 attention to events other than coronavirus, their level of comforting themselves and their belief
mentioning that they would heal if they catch coronavirus increased (p<0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found
between DAS scores and other knowledge and attitudes of nursing students regarding COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It would be an effective method to provide the training to nursing students, in order to change their negative
attitudes and awareness towards COVID-19 related death anxiety and to improve their coping skills for death anxiety and help to
reduce the burden of anxiety
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DEATH ANXIETY OF NURSING STUDENTS
Background: It is required to determine death anxiety of nursing students so that they who will become healthcare professionals
can cope with the fast-spreading and high-mortality diseases such as COVID-19 infection upon graduation, can communicate with
infected and dying patients, and can provide patients with the necessary support and care. The purpose of this study is to determine
the death anxiety experienced by nursing students due to COVID-19, the related factors.
Subjects and methods: This descriptive and correlational study was completed between June and September 2020. The data
were collected by using the Socio-demographic and COVID-19 Pandemic Information Form and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The
student nurses who agreed to participate in the study were asked to fill out an online questionnaire that was sent by the researchers.
The study was conducted with 115 nursing students.
Results: The DAS mean scores of the nursing students were found to be 8.01+-1,96. When the correlation between DAS scores of
the nursing students and their knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 pandemic was examined, it was determined that as their
anxiety levels about transmission of coronavirus increased, DAS scores also increased (p=0.037). The scores of death anxiety scale
decreased as the level of students\u27 attention to events other than coronavirus, their level of comforting themselves and their belief
mentioning that they would heal if they catch coronavirus increased (p<0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found
between DAS scores and other knowledge and attitudes of nursing students regarding COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It would be an effective method to provide the training to nursing students, in order to change their negative
attitudes and awareness towards COVID-19 related death anxiety and to improve their coping skills for death anxiety and help to
reduce the burden of anxiety
One Juliet and four Romeos: VeA and its methyltransferases
Fungal secondary metabolism has become an important research topic with great
biomedical and biotechnological value. In the postgenomic era, understanding the diversity
and the molecular control of secondary metabolites (SMs) are two challenging tasks
addressed by the research community. Discovery of the LaeA methyltransferase 10 years
ago opened up a new horizon on the control of SM research when it was found
that expression of many SM gene clusters is controlled by LaeA. While the molecular
function of LaeA remains an enigma, discovery of the velvet family proteins as interaction
partners further extended the role of the LaeA beyond secondary metabolism. The
heterotrimeric VelB–VeA–LaeA complex plays important roles in development, sporulation,
secondary metabolism, and pathogenicity. Recently, three other methyltransferases have
been found to associate with the velvet complex, the LaeA-like methyltransferase F and
the methyltransferase heterodimers VipC–VapB. Interaction of VeA with at least four
methyltransferase proteins indicates a molecular hub function for VeA that questions: Is
there a VeA supercomplex or is VeA part of a highly dynamic cellular control network with
many different partners
Membrane-Bound Methyltransferase Complex VapA-VipC-VapB Guides Epigenetic Control of Fungal Development
Epigenetic and transcriptional control of gene
expression must be coordinated in response to
external signals to promote alternative multicellular
developmental programs. The membrane-associated
trimeric complex VapA-VipC-VapB controls a
signal transduction pathway for fungal differentiation.
The VipC-VapB methyltransferases are tethered
to the membrane by the FYVE-like zinc finger protein
VapA, allowing the nuclear VelB-VeA-LaeA complex
to activate transcription for sexual development.
Once the release from VapA is triggered, VipCVapB
is transported into the nucleus. VipC-VapB
physically interacts with VeA and reduces its nuclear
import and protein stability, thereby reducing the
nuclear VelB-VeA-LaeA complex. Nuclear VapB
methyltransferase diminishes the establishment of
facultative heterochromatin by decreasing histone 3
lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). This favors activation
of the regulatory genes brlA and abaA, which
promote the asexual program. The VapA-VipCVapB
methyltransferase pathway combines control
of nuclear import and stability of transcription factors
with histone modification to foster appropriate differentiation
responses
Control of development, secondary metabolism and light-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis by the velvet complex of Neurospora crassa
Neurospora crassa is an established reference organism to investigate carotene biosynthesis and light regulation. However, there
is little evidence of its capacity to produce secondary metabolites. Here, we report the role of the fungal-specific regulatory velvet complexes in
development and secondary metabolism (SM) in N. crassa. Three velvet proteins VE-1, VE-2, VOS-1, and a putative methyltransferase LAE-1
show light-independent nucleocytoplasmic localization. Two distinct velvet complexes, a heterotrimeric VE-1/VE-2/LAE-1 and a heterodimeric
VE-2/VOS-1 are found in vivo. The heterotrimer-complex, which positively regulates sexual development and represses asexual sporulation,
suppresses siderophore coprogen production under iron starvation conditions. The VE-1/VE-2 heterodimer controls carotene production. VE-1
regulates the expression of .15% of the whole genome, comprising mainly regulatory and developmental features. We also studied
intergenera functions of the velvet complex through complementation of Aspergillus nidulans veA, velB, laeA, vosA mutants with their
N. crassa orthologs ve-1, ve-2, lae-1, and vos-1, respectively. Expression of VE-1 and VE-2 in A. nidulans successfully substitutes the developmental and SM functions of VeA and VelB by forming two functional chimeric velvet complexes in vivo, VelB/VE-1/LaeA and VE-2/VeA/LaeA,
respectively. Reciprocally, expression of veA restores the phenotypes of the N. crassa ve-1 mutant. All N. crassa velvet proteins heterologously
expressed in A. nidulans are localized to the nuclear fraction independent of light. These data highlight the conservation of the complex
formation in N. crassa and A. nidulans. However, they also underline the intergenera similarities and differences of velvet roles according to
different life styles, niches and ontogenetic processes