The Use of Prebiotics of Plant Origin in Functional Milk Products

Abstract A food that contains biologically active compounds/components which beneficially affects one or more target functions such as reduction of chronic diseases in the body along with its nutritional effects is named as "functional product". Among these foods or beverages that are fortified through addition of exogenous functional compounds (i.e. prebiotics) or using microorganisms that produce biogenic compounds or have probiotic features (probiotics). Probiotics are described as cultures of live microorganisms that are beneficial to health when administered to humans or animals, improve properties of gastrointestinal microflora. Prebiotics cannot be digested by small intestinal enzymes but are fermented by probiotic bacteria the large intestine. Much research attention is focused on the combined use of probiotics and prebiotics, generally known as symbiotic, to get their synergistic health properties. This review provides an insight on the current knowledge about the potential sources of plant-based prebiotics used in dairy industry

Mechanical properties of bulk-fill versus nanohybrid composites: effect of layer thickness and application protocols

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of high-viscosity, low-viscosity bulk-fill, and conventional nano-hybrid resin composite materials alone and when covered with nano-hybrid resin composite at different incremental thicknesses on the bulk-fill composites. Materials and Methods: Specimens (N=60) were fabricated from the following materials or their combinations (n=10 per group): a) conventional nano-hybrid composite Z550 (FK), b) high-viscosity bulk-fill composite (Tetric N Ceram-TBF), c) low-viscosity bulk-fill composite SDR (SDR), d) Sonicfill (SF), e) SDR (2 mm)+FK (2 mm), f) SDR (4 mm)+FK (4 mm). After 24 h water storage, compressive strength was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Additional specimens (N=40) (25x2x2 mm3) were made from FK, TBF, SDR and SF in order to determine the flexural strength and the flexural modulus, (n=10) and subjected to three-point bending test (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: The mean compressive strength (MPa) of the nano-hybrid composite (FK) was significantly higher (223.8±41.3) than those of the other groups (123±27 - 170±24) (p<0.001). SDR (4 mm)+FK (2 mm) showed significantly higher compressive strength than when covered with 4 mm (143±30) or when used alone (146±11) (p<0.05). The mean flexural strength (159±31) and the flexural modulus of FK (34±7) was significantly higher than that of the high- or low-viscosity bulk-fill composites (p<0.001). The mean flexural strength of SF (132±20) was significantly higher compared to TBF (95±25) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bulk-fill resin composites demonstrated poorer mechanical properties compared to nano-hybrid composite but similar to that of SF. Increasing the thickness of low-viscosity bulk-fill composite (SDR) from 2 to 4 mm underneath the nano-hybrid composite (FK) can improve the mechanical properties of the bulk-fill composites. KeywordsBulk-fill composites; Compressive strength; Flexural modulus; Flexural strength; Mechanical properties

The Diagnosis and Management of Asherman’s Syndrome Developed after Cesarean Section and Reproductive Outcome

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) frequently occur as a result of trauma to the basal layer of endometrium following pregnancy-related curettage such as incomplete abortion (33,3%), postpartum hemorrhage (37,5%), and elective abortion (8,3%). Hysterotomy, myomectomy, Cesarean section, hysteroscopic procedures, such as resection of submucosal leiomyomata or uterine septae, and endometrial ablation are less common etiologic factors resulting in IUA formation. Patients with Asherman’s syndrome usually present with menstrual disturbances, infertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss. A successful treatment of infertility could be achieved by restoration of the uterine cavity, prevention of IUA reformation, and promotion of healing process. We presented the diagnosis and management of a case that suffers from menstrual disturbances and secondary infertility resulted from IUA formation developed after Cesarean section

ANCA-associated vasculitis flare might be provoked by COVID-19 infection: a case report and a review of the literature

Mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposition is the hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In some cases, crescentic involvement that might be associated with systemic leucocytoclastic vasculitis is documented. In such cases, the disease is called Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis). Even more rarely, the coexistence of IgAN and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) seropositivity has been reported. IgAN might be complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) due to different causes. Herein we present a patient with mesangial IgA deposition and ANCA seropositivity who developed AKI, haematuria and haemoptysis during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and was diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis based on clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. The patient was treated successfully with immunosuppressive therapy. We also made a systematic review of the literature to reveal and present the cases with COVID-19 and ANCA-associated vasculitis

Schwannoma originating from the infraorbital nerve: A case report

A 16-year-old female admitted to otolaryngology outpatient clinic with the complaints of pain and replacement of her left eyeball upwards. Radiological imaging demonstrated a solid mass inferior to the left globe. The anterior wall of the maxilla was thinned and the mass pushed the orbital floor inferiorly. Following subciliary incision, the bone over the mass was removed from the orbital rim and the mass was exposed. The mass originated from the infraorbital nerve. The mass was excised and the orbital rim, malar region and the orbital floor were reconstructed by a titanium mesh. The histopathological report was "schwannoma". Seven cases of schwannomas arising from the infraorbital nerve reported in English. literature. In this paper we report a case of infraorbital schwannoma and review the literature. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

DOES NEUTROPHIL / LYMPHOCYTE RATIO CONTRIBUTE TO DIAGNOSTICS IN PATIENTS WITH FASCIOLIASIS?

WOS: 000434986500008Introduction: Fasciolia sp. is a trematode causes infection by settling in the liver bile ducts of domestic animal and human liver. Fascioliasis is a parasite disease that might have changes in liver parenchyma and in bile ducts. Many inflammatory reactions occur during the settlement of larvae and mature parasites into the liver. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has become a prominent marker of underlying inflammation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the hematological parameters in patients with fascioliasis. Materials and methods: The diagnosis of fascioliasis was based on patient history, clinical and laboratory findings, radiological imaging (ultrasound), stool examination and IgG antibody titer determination by ELISA. Clinical and laboratory data were collected for 56 patients with fascioliasis, and diagnosed with serological and radiological imaging. 56 healthy volunteers were selected for the control group. Stool and blood samples were collected from patients with fascioliasis for serologic, biochemical, hematologic tests and ova examination. Total leukocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were recorded and NLR was calculated. ELISA antibody cut off titer value of patients with fascioliasis was 10> positive. Results: We compared neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio, the relation of eosinophilia and IgG antibody titers between two groups (patient and control groups). There was no statistically significant difference between patients and healthy controls neither based on age and gender nor NLR. According to these findings, NLR can not be considered as a diagnostic marker in fascioliasis. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that NLR is not a crucial indicator of inflammation in parasitic fascioliasis. Extensive studies are need to be done to clarify the correlation between NLR and progression of other parasitic diseases

INTENSIVE CARE AND ONCOLOGY NURSES' PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES WITH 'FUTILE MEDICAL CARE' AND 'PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DEATH'

WOS: 000417398900006Introduction: This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions and experiences with 'futile medical care' and their opinions about 'principles of good death'. Materials and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 state hospitals and 3 university hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. It included 856 nurses working in intensive care and oncology units. A questionnaire, which included demographics and futile medical care practices and the 'Attitudes toward Principles about Dying with Dignity Scale' were used. Results: Participants were on average 30.49 +/- 6.12 years old 92.3% were women, 61.7% were married and 62.7% had a bachelor's degree. Nurses defined medical care as futile when it was 'not affecting quality of life' (35.4%), 'not curing the disease' (46.8%) and 'prolonging the suffering of the patient' (42.9%). They stated that futile care was continued because of hospital policy (32.9%), doctor's decision (54.9%) or patient's or relative's decision (29.3%). Three of every four nurses stated that good death principles were not applied at their hospital. We found that attitudes toward death improved as nurses' education level increased (p=.001), and women had higher scale scores than men (p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses were generally not satisfied with end-of-life care. Extending life, while ignoring the quality thereof, remains a major ethical dilemma for health professionals

A Solid Phase Extraction Application of Hybrid Nano B2O3/ZrO2 for Separation and Determination of Trace Indium in Environmental Samples

WOS: 000430996100049Hybrid nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in environmental science, analytical chemistry and atomic spectroscopy. In the present study, a column solid phase extractioo procedure was developed for the separation and preconcentration of indium in various matrixes by using hybrid nanomaterial B2O3/ZrO2 (HNMBZ). Various experimental and analytical parameters such as sample solution pH, sample solution volume, flow rate of sample solution and eluent, volume and concentration of eluent and amount of HNMBZ, effect of common matrix ions and capacity of sorbent were investigated. The adsorbed metal ions on HNMBZ were eluted with 6 mL of 1 mol . L-1 HNO3 solutions and their concentrations were determined by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). Under the optimized conditions, detection limits for indium for 3 pixels and 5 pixels were found as 0. 20 and 0. 16 mu g . L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was checked by spiked water samples. The developed procedure was successfully applied to real samples for the separation and determination of indium.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110T111, 214Z221]the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Grants no. 110T111, 214Z221