Millennium pandemic: A review of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Coronaviruses, a large family of single-stranded RNA viruses, can infect humans and animals, and can cause neurological, gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases as well as causing various lung diseases, including pneumonia, with shortness of breath, cough and fever. At the end of December 2019, a group of health authorities reported unidentified cases of pneumonia in a seafood market in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) used term 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) to refer to a coronavirus that affected the lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumonia in Wuhan, China on 29 December and the WHO announced that the official name of the 2019 novel coronavirus was coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is seen in many countries around the World and has been accepted as a pandemic by WHO. It is defined as a suspicious case with fever, sore throat, cough, and people with a history of traveling to China or some parts of the country, or someone who contact with a patient who has a history of travel in China or contact with a confirmed COVID-19 infection patient. Currently, there is no proven vaccine or antiviral therapy that can be used against animal or human coronavirus. To control the outbreak, the drugs must be developed as soon as possible. Various drugs have been used in the treatment of COVID-19 and the main ones are chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir. Since the virus affects the whole World, vaccines and/or new curative antiviral drugs are needed to end the pandemic. For this purpose, large-scale observational studies are needed

Micromorphological, anatomical and cytogenetical studies in endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

In the present study, the micromorphological structure of achene, pappus and style using scanning electron microscope (SEM), stomatal characteristics, anatomy of stem and achene together with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the Turkish endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. are provided in order to expand knowledge of its taxonomy. The SEM studies in this species show that dense spiny cells are found on the achene surface, the pappus bristle has 3–5 spikes and the style possesses slender papillae. The stem structure is composed of epidermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cortex and pith. The species has anomocytic stomata in both the upper and the lower surface of the leaves. The pericarp of the achene is mainly composed of several layers of sclerenchymatous cells. In this species, the chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 8, karyotype consists of two submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes and nuclear DNA content (2Cvalue) is 12.96 pg. These data are presented here for the first time and their taxonomic values are discussed

Two cases of primary stabbing headache

Primary stabbing headache is an excruciating and relatively rare type of headache that typically lasts for only a few seconds. Pain is predominantly felt in the distribution of the first division of the trigeminal nerve and can be experienced as single stabs or as a series of stabs, either per day or every few days. Primary stabbing headache has been well-defined for decades and must be kept in mind during diagnosis. Exclusion of other possible causes is necessary in order to establish diagnosis. Indomethacin has classically been considered the first treatment option, but therapeutic failure occurs in up to 35% of cases. Recent studies have suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, gabapentin, nifedipine, paracetamol, and melatonin are also effective treatments

Asymptomatic traumatic common carotid artery dissection

Common carotid artery (CCA) dissection is a rare emergency condition. Early diagnosis of these cases is important to prevent the ischemic emergencies. We presented a CCA dissection case, who was admitted to the hospital after taken out from under rubble with satisfactory outcome. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University

Asymptomatic traumatic common carotid artery dissection

Common carotid artery (CCA) dissection is a rare emergency condition. Early diagnosis of these cases is important to prevent the ischemic emergencies. We presented a CCA dissection case, who was admitted to the hospital after taken out from under rubble with satisfactory outcome

Retropharyngeal Hematoma due to Oral Warfarin Usage

SUMMARY: Retropharyngeal hematoma due to anticoagulant usage is a rare, life-threatening situation which must be immediately diagnosed and treated. Immediate control of the airway and coagulopathy are the bases of treatment management. Patients often respond to conservative treatment but occasionally urgent tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation may be necessary. We presented a case of retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to warfarin usage in a 49-year-old male. ÖZET: Antikoagülan kullanımına bağlı retrofaringeal hematom nadir görülen, hızlı tanı ve tedavi edilmesi gereken hayatı tehdit edici bir durumdur. Hava yolu ve koagülopatinin acil kontrolü tedavi yönetiminin esasını oluşturur. Olgular çoğunlukla konservatif tedaviye cevap verirken bazen endotrakeal entübasyon ve acil trakeotomi gerekebilir. Bu yazıda, varfarin kullanımına sekonder retrofaringeal hematom gelişmiş 49 yaşındaki erkek olguyu sunduk. Key words: Emergency department, retropharyngeal hematoma, warfarin overdose, Anahtar sözcükler: Acil servis, retrofaringeal hematom, varfarin aşırı doz