Do Self-Efficacy and Moral Intelligence have a Role in the Formation of Sportsmanship Behavior?

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of empathy, conscience, self-control, kindness and self-efficacy on sportsmanship behaviors, since there is no study that investigated the effects of self-efficacy and moral intelligence on sportsmanship behaviors. For this purpose, the study was carried out according to the relational screening design, which is one of the quantitative research designs. 397 students studying at the faculty of sports sciences participated in the research. "Yakut-Moral Intelligence Scale", "Athlete Self Efficacy Scale" and "Investigation of Sportsmanship Behaviors Scale" were used to carry out the study. Statistical analyzes were made in SPSS 25 program and Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used. As a result of the analysis, sportsmanship has been determined that it has a significant relationship with empathy, conscience, self-control, kindness and self-efficacy. As another result of the study, while self-efficacy alone explains 13.4% of sportsmanship, self-efficacy, empathy, self-control and kindness together explain 48% of sportsmanship. It was determined that the sub-dimension of conscience did not have a significant effect on sportsmanship. According to these results, in displaying sportsmanship behaviors; Having a high level of self-efficacy, ability to empathize, power to control behaviors and kindness have an important and powerful effect

Category kings and commoners : within and across cross-category spillovers in the sharing economy

This chapter focuses on the largely unexplored within- and cross-category spillovers between category kings and commoners within the field of the sharing economy. Going beyond the reputational spill-overs that are the main focus of extant literature, the authors also consider spill-overs in awareness, regulation, and customer usage between category kings and commoners, providing a holistic view of what it means to be a commoner in the same or adjacent category as a king. On the basis of a mixed-method study based on semi-structured interviews with UK sharing platforms and a consumer survey, the authors show that category commoners are affected by kings differently depending whether they are in the exact same sub-category or in an adjacent one within the same larger category. This chapter expands extant work on within and cross-category dynamics by taking the less popular perspective of the less visible category members. Studying these dynamics in the setting of the sharing economy also contributes to the authors’ knowledge of what enables/hinders the growth of a new field as a whole. Finally, the findings have important policy implications

ADEA Claimant Can Retain Severance Payments and Sue Former Employer

Former employees can maintain claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) without first repaying the consideration received for an invalid release of claims. The Supreme Court\u27s pronouncement, Oubre v. Entergy Operations, Inc., 1988 U.S. Lexis 646 (Jan. 26, 1998), may change the way many employers negotiate and execute severance packages and settlements with terminated employees

Relationship of percutaneous tracheostomy timing with APACHE II and SOFA scores on the first day of ICU for critically ill patients

Objective: Our study aimed to assess the relation between APACHE II and SOFA scores of critically ill patients on their first day of admission and the timing of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT).Methods: Following approval of the Ethics Board of Health Sciences University Istanbul Bağcılar Educational Research Hospital (25.08.2016-2016/495), data of all 91 patients who had been treated with PDT in the ICU between June 1, 2014 and June 1, 2016 have been retrospectively evaluated. We recorded the following information: demographical data (such as age, sex, body mass index) that could be obtained from patient records, APACHE II and SOFA scores on their first day in ICU, and PDT timing.Results: There was no statistically significant difference observed between the timing of the PDT and APACHE II and SOFA scores (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that most of the patients with PDT had an APACHE II score of 15-24. We noticed that the number of patients with an APACHE II score of 24 and higher was notably lower than the number of patients with scores between 15-24. The fact that the life expectancy for the patient group with a high APACHE II score is low may call the tracheostomy decision into question. On the other hand, no relation was found between differences in APACHE II and SOFA scores and the starting time of PDT

Playing cat and mouse: How US dietary supplement firms moved between categories to escape the FDA

Regulatory categorization is a complex process that is critical for firm survival and market development, but often gets overshadowed by market categorization in extant literature. This paper extends the recent stream of studies that view categorization as an endogenous process to the examination of the emergence and evolution of regulatory categories by asking, how do firms shape their regulatory environment to move their products into a more favorable regulatory category? We use archival data from the US dietary supplement industry to tell the account of how dietary supplement makers moved their products between categories and finally into a new category in the 90\u2019s, which largely fuelled their 1000% growth as an industry in the subsequent decade. Our findings provide a multi-faceted account of the regulatory categorization process with a particular attention to the various stakeholders and their strategies to enable/disable institutional change in their environment. Our story answers previous calls to move beyond tracing the evolution of category labels and provides a step towards bridging our knowledge of categories and corporate political strategy

Entrepreneurship in regulated markets: Framing contests and collective action to introduce pay TV in the US

In their endeavor to establish new products and services, entrepreneurs can face strong resistance from market incumbents whose resources and market position they threaten. This paper looks at the battles between entrepreneurs and market incumbents in a regulated market where various institutional actors (e.g., regulators, courts) have the power to protect the incumbents by hindering the entrepreneurs. Our comparison of one failed and one successful attempt to introduce pay TV in the U.S. reveals how entrepreneurs can first enter a regulated market without facing resistance, and then introduce a new frame to legitimize their product or service despite growing resistance from incumbents. Our framework highlights framing as a strategy and framing contests as a mechanism through which entrepreneurs and incumbents can battle to enable or disable institutional change. As part of this process, we also uncover how entrepreneurs evolve from self-serving actors with no field-level intentions to powerful groups that create a ripple effect in their environment by moving their target of influence from private to institutional actors. Our work constitutes a step toward a more \u201crealistic\u201d tale of institutional change

Entrepreneurship in Regulated Markets:Framing Contests to Introduce Pay TV in the US

Existing literature suggests that entrepreneurship is challenging in regulated markets. In an archival study of the introduction of Pay TV in the US, we identify a process of entrepreneurial action based on sequential collective action and a dynamic view of framing to influence various market and institutional actors in the environment. Within this process, we find that regulatory voids following technological change can offer a context for entrepreneurs to establish their products and services. We lay out the implications of this framework for understanding how entrepreneurs can influence a multiplicity of actors to gain legitimacy in a regulated market

The reliability of Turkish translation of quick exposure check (QEC) for risk assessment of work related musculoskeletal disorders

Work Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) are a common health problem and one of the major causes of disability. Exposure to risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and the change in exposure can be measured by observational assessment techniques. One of the techniques is QEC ( Quick Exposure Check), which was developed by Li and Buckle in 1998. We designed this study to translate QEC to Turkish and investigation of QEC's reliability among cleaners. The study was conducted among 20 cleaners who were randomly chosen from 200 subjects working at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital. Test-retest reliability of QEC was investigated by intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) and Bland Altman method. The reliability coefficients of QEC items were found between 0.589 and 1. Among those QEC items, wrist hand position, back position, using vehicle, work period, were found statistically the most reliable between measurements. The items' reliability of QEC was generally fair to good. For this reason, we suggest that, QEC would be helpful for evaluation of WRMSD risk assessment to those who work in the field of work health and safety in the industry of Turkey

The reliability of Turkish translation of quick exposure check (QEC) for risk assessment of work related musculoskeletal disorders

Work Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) are a common health problem and one of the major causes of disability. Exposure to risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and the change in exposure can be measured by observational assessment techniques. One of the techniques is QEC ( Quick Exposure Check), which was developed by Li and Buckle in 1998. We designed this study to translate QEC to Turkish and investigation of QEC's reliability among cleaners. The study was conducted among 20 cleaners who were randomly chosen from 200 subjects working at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital. Test-retest reliability of QEC was investigated by intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) and Bland Altman method. The reliability coefficients of QEC items were found between 0.589 and 1. Among those QEC items, wrist hand position, back position, using vehicle, work period, were found statistically the most reliable between measurements. The items' reliability of QEC was generally fair to good. For this reason, we suggest that, QEC would be helpful for evaluation of WRMSD risk assessment to those who work in the field of work health and safety in the industry of Turkey