527 research outputs found
Explaining Influences on Career \u27Choice\u27 in Comparative Perspective
This study explores the influences on career choices of the MBA students from three countries at micro-individual, meso-institutional and relational and macro-structural levels, questioning the apparent dominance of βfree choiceβ in the context of persistent forms of structural constraints in career markets. The paper takes a critical perspective on career βchoiceβ, acknowledging the contested nature of βchoiceβ and identifying career as a product of socially and historically situated choices which are negotiated through structural constraints The central hypothesis of the study is that βit is more likely for the MBA students to report micro-agentic or meso-instutional and relational rather than macro-structural conditions as key influences on their career choicesβ. The study draws on the findings of a cross-national survey involving Britain, Israel, and Turkey, using the career choice dimensions designed by Γzbilgin and Healy (2003). Findings show that MBA students consider the impact of structural conditions as less significant on their career choices than their own human capital and capacity to make free choices. The study provides an understanding of the main cross-national diversities and similarities in reporting of influences on career βchoiceβ, and brings to bare interesting theoretical and methodological insights
Protective effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on smoking-induced lung injury in Wistar rats.
Increased activation of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil and mast cell has been proven in cigarette smoking (CS)-related lung disorders (CSLD). An increased production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTs), which are mediators secreted from the mentioned cells, in response to CS has been shown in humans. The protective effect of LT1 receptor-1 antagonist (LTR-1AT) on CSLD is, however, not known. In this study we aimed to determine whether there is any protective effect of a LTR-1AT, montelukast (MK), on CSLD in Wistar rats. Nine controls and twenty-three smoke-exposed rats were enrolled into this study. Controls were exposed to non-filtered air, and the smoke-exposed rats were exposed to CS for 6 h/day, 6 days/week for three weeks. The CS-exposed rats were also treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day of MK or saline. Morphometric criteria for lung injury were determined as the mean linear intercept of alveolar septa (Lm), the volume density of alveolar septa (Vvspt) and the density of the alveolar surface area per unit volume of lung parenchyma (Sva.pa). Lung mast cells (LMC), which are a major source of LTs, were also counted. Results showed that Lm of the control group was significantly lower and Vvspt, Sva.pa of the controls were significantly higher compared to those of the CS-exposed groups. Animals treated with MK had significant protection against CSLD. Lm was significantly higher and Vvspt, Sva.pa were lower in the saline group than in the MK-treated group. The number of LMC in the CS-exposed groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on these results, one can suggest that some part of the pathogenesis of CSLD may be related to an enhanced LTs synthesis and LTR-1AT. Therefore, montelukast may protect against active or passive smoking-induced lung injury and related disorders.</p
Populism as new wine in old bottles in the context of Germany: 'symbolic violence' as collective habitus that devalues the human capital of Turks
Populism in Germany is not a new phenomenon. For a long time, the alleged integration problems of Turkish workers in Germany have been at the center of the dominant discourse and academic studies. This paper demonstrates how βsymbolic violenceβ as collective habitus frames the human capital of Turks as deficient, a phenomenon which has prevailed even prior to the recent populist movements. Drawing on a company case study, interviews, and observations, our empirical investigation operationalises and expands the Bourdieusian conceptual trinity of habitus, capital, and symbolic violence through the lens of ethnicity and how it relates to populism
The role of selectins in the first trimester pregnancy loss
Objective: There are no well-defined findings about reasons for first trimester abortion in some pregnancy cases. Selectins are cell adhesion proteins which are important for blastocyst implantation in the decidua. The goal of the study was to investigate the role of selectins in first trimester pregnancy loss by immunohistochemistry. Study design: Decidual and placental tissue samples have been obtained from the women with unwanted pregnancy as the control group (n=40) and missed abortion (n=40) as the study group. Immunohistochemistry technique has been used to compare P, L and E-selectin expression of the fibroblast and the decidual cells in uterine decidual stroma; and fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells in placental villous stroma. Immunostaining for P,L,E-Selectin has been evaluated semiquantitatively by HSCORE analysis. Results: Decidual cells, for E and L-selectin showed stronger staining in the study group than controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). P-selectin showed stronger staining in the control group, but the difference was not as significant as the E and L-selectins (p=0.04). In the placenta, cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts showed stronger staining for P,E,L-selectins for the control group (
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Cinsellik ve Emek: Butler ve Bourdieu ile kazanΔ±mlarΔ±n kΔ±rΔ±lganlΔ±ΔΔ±nΔ± ve direniΕi sorgulamak
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Regendering of dynamic managerial capabilities in the context of binary perspectives on gender diversity
Copyright Β© 2020 The Authors. Purpose: The interplay between gender and dynamic managerial capabilities is not well studied in the extant literature. This paper aims to explore how dynamic managerial capabilities, as prized qualities in the job market, are framed in gendered ways and how the gendering process disadvantages female and male workers for different reasons and harms the organisations, which use the managerial capabilities approach without proofing it for gender biases. Design/methodology/approach: An extensive literature review was conducted and a framework that offers a new gender perspective was offered. Findings: A number of ways dynamic managerial capabilities may be proofed for gender biases and how a gender-balanced framing of dynamic managerial capabilities may be achieved are identified. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the development of a new gender perspective, which is called regendering of dynamic managerial capabilities, which frees the concept from its binary frames of gender, assumptions of gender neutrality, with a view to capture gender diversity in a way which is closer to its nature in theory and practice of dynamic managerial capabilities
Spinoffs, Ex Ante.
Cusatis, Miles and Woolridge (1993) report large positive excess stock returns following spinoffs for the parent firms that undertake the spinoffs and for the spun off subsidiaries themselves. They examine the period 1965 through 1988 and consider returns for up to 36 months following the spinoff. We investigate whether a trading strategy based on this ex post analysis earns positive excess returns on an ex ante basis using a holdout sample of spinoffs that occurred over the period 1989 through 1995. We find that, at best, such a strategy produced break-even results when compared with a size-and industry-matched firm benchmark. Tests of βbeat-the-marketβ strategies based on long-run post-event returns are often used to argue against the semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis. We do not know whether U.S. stock markets are semi-strong form inefficient, but our results indicate that post-spinoff returns cannot be used to make that argument.
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ
Objectives. Inspiratory, hemodynamic and metabolic changes occur in laparoscopic surgery depending on pneumoperitoneum and patient position. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intra-abdominal pressure increase based on CO2 pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic operations on hemodynamic parameters and respiratory dynamics and satisfaction of surgeon and operative view.Materials and Methods. A total of 116 consecutive, prospective, ASA class IβIII cases aged 18β70 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study. Data of 104 patients were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups as the group Low Pressure (<12 mmHg) (Group LP) (n=53) and the group Standard Pressure (>13 mmHg) (Group SP) (n=51). In this study administration of general anesthesia used total intravenous anaesthesia in both groups. All groups had standard and TOF monitorization applied. The anaesthesia methods used in both groups were recorded. Before, during and after peritoneal insufflation, the peroperative ventilation parameters and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. The adequacy of pneumoperitoneum, gastric and the operative view were evaluated by the operating surgeon and recorded.Results. The peripheral oxygen saturation showed no significant difference between the low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in view of tidal volume, respiratory rate, end tidal CO2, mean and peak inspiratory pressure, and minute ventilation values. In terms of hemodynamics, when values just after intubation and before extubation were compared, it was observed that in the LP group systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values were higher. In terms of heart rate, no significant difference was observed in determined periods between groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of surgical satisfaction and vision.Conclusion. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum provides effective respiratory mechanics and stable hemodynamics for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It also provides the surgeon with sufficient space for hand manipulations. Anaesthetic method, TIVA and neuromuscular blockage provided good surgery vision with low pressure pneumoperitoneum.ΠΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ CO2 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 116 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² IβIII ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ASA Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 18β70 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ 104 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (<12 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ. ΡΡ., ΠΠ), n=53, ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (>13 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ. ΡΡ., Π‘Π), n=51. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ TOF-ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ’ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π» ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΈ Π‘Π Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π2 Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π°, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΉ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ
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