Effects of Adding MSW Compost, Lime and Commercial Soil Improvers on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations

1056-1065In this study, it was aimed to improve the soil with low pH and high amount of heavy metals by using municipal solid waste compost, lime and commercial soil improvers (Terra B and Viro Bind). In this study, the forms of the metals in the soil were determined by using sequential extraction method. It was investigated how soil improvers added to soil change the forms of metals. It was also investigated how the addition of soil improvers (compost, lime and commercial soil improvers) to the soil affects the amount of metal deposited on the roots and stems of the plants (Zea mays). It has been observed that the improvers added to the soil increase the pH value of the soil as T50 > Compost > Lime > A2. The sequential extraction results revealed that exchangeable forms of the studied heavy metals were transformed into the organically bound form. When compared with the control, high concentrations of the metals (except Ni) were found in the Organic Matter (OM) bound and residual forms following the addition of commercial soil conditioners such as A2 and T50, respectively. For the metals measured in the study, with the addition of A2, 96% of Pb, 99% of Cu and Cd, 86% of Ni and 97% of Zn are transformed into OM bound and residual forms, and with the addition of T50, 80% of Pb, 99% of Cu, Cd and ZN, and 78% of Ni were converted to OM bound and residual forms. These results indicated that the application of 1.5% lime combined with 10% compost substantially enhanced plant growth in the contaminated soils

Effects of Adding MSW Compost, Lime and Commercial Soil Improvers on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations

In this study, it was aimed to improve the soil with low pH and high amount of heavy metals by using municipal solid waste compost, lime and commercial soil improvers (Terra B and Viro Bind). In this study, the forms of the metals in the soil were determined by using sequential extraction method. It was investigated how soil improvers added to soil change the forms of metals. It was also investigated how the addition of soil improvers (compost, lime and commercial soil improvers) to the soil affects the amount of metal deposited on the roots and stems of the plants (Zea mays). It has been observed that the improvers added to the soil increase the pH value of the soil as T50 > Compost > Lime > A2. The sequential extraction results revealed that exchangeable forms of the studied heavy metals were transformed into the organically bound form. When compared with the control, high concentrations of the metals (except Ni) were found in the Organic Matter (OM) bound and residual forms following the addition of commercial soil conditioners such as A2 and T50, respectively. For the metals measured in the study, with the addition of A2, 96% of Pb, 99% of Cu and Cd, 86% of Ni and 97% of Zn are transformed into OM bound and residual forms, and with the addition of T50, 80% of Pb, 99% of Cu, Cd and ZN, and 78% of Ni were converted to OM bound and residual forms. These results indicated that the application of 1.5% lime combined with 10% compost substantially enhanced plant growth in the contaminated soils

Batch washing of heavy metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) compost using Na₂EDTA and a mixture of Na₂S₂O₅ and Na₂EDTA

75-78Main factor leading to restricted soil conditioner use of compost is its heavy metal content. This paper deals with the removal of heavy metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) compost using Na₂EDTA and a mixture of Na₂S₂O₅ and Na₂EDTA in the batch mode. At the end of extraction studies, for 3 h at 1:25 solid:liquid ratio by using 0.05 M Na₂EDTA, 100% removal yields were obtained for all metals studied. Further, heavy metal removal ( 100%) were obtained with 0.01 M Na₂EDTA and 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₅, at 1:6 solid:liquid ratio, for all heavy metals of this study

Batch washing of heavy metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) compost using Na(2)EDTA and a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na(2)EDTA

Main factor leading to restricted soil conditioner use of compost is its heavy metal content. This paper deals with the removal of heavy metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) compost using Na(2)EDTA and a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na(2)EDTA in the batch mode. At the end of extraction studies, for 3 h at 1:25 solid:liquid ratio by using 0.05 M Na(2)EDTA, 100% removal yields were obtained for all metals studied. Further, heavy metal removal (>= 100%) were obtained with 0.01 M Na(2)EDTA and 0.1 M Na2S2O5, at 1:6 solid:liquid ratio, for all heavy metals of this study

Biosorption Kinetics and Isotherm Studies of Cd(II) by Dried Enteromorpha compressa Macroalgae Cells from Aqueous Solutions

For the first time ever Enteromorpha compressa macroalgae (ECM) which is commonly found in Turkey has been used as biosorbent by us This study aims to investigate the biosorption of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions in a batch system by using an alga of ECM in different concentrations pH levels agitation rates (90-150 rpm) and contact periods The maximum biosorption capacity of the ECM was found to be 9 50 mg/g at pH 6 Cd2+ initial concentration of 10 mg/L and agitation rate 150 rpm Cadmium removal efficiency was about 95% The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations Isotherm parameters for both equations were determined and discussed The stated biosorption mechanism is explained by the Freundlich isotherm (r(2) = 0 998) theory Two simplified kinetic models including a pseudo-first and second order equation were selected to follow the biosorption process Kinetic parameters rate constants equilibrium adsorption capacities and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model were calculated and discussed It was shown that the biosorption of cadmium onto ECM could be described by the pseudo-second order equation (r(2) > 0 99

Biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in leachate with Enteromorpha compressa macroalga

77-79This study presents biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions from landfill leachate by using an alga of Enteromorrpha compressa type. Retention time of 60 min and pH 4 have been found optimum for biosorption of both metals

The Comparison of Raw Compost and Extracted Compost Samples Depending on Characterization and Phytotoxicity

In this study, the effect of extraction process on the compost structure and its plant growing characteristic was investigated. Compost samples (raw compost sample taken from compost production facility and compost samples extracted with Na(2)EDTA and Na2S2O5 mixture or molasses hydrolyzate) have been characterized and these samples structures were examinated by)(RD, SEM and IR analysis. The experiments of compliance with the plant (phytotoxicity experiments) have been conducted to determine the plant growing characteristic of the compost samples. When the results obtained from experimental studies were evaluated, it was determined that the best plant growing were achieved using 0.01 M Na(2)EDTA-0.1 M Na2S2O5 solution. The plant growing efficiency value was 97% for 25% compost:soil mixture. When the results obtained from studies were evaluated, it: was determined that extraction processes caused both remarkable changes in compost characteristics and compliance with plant

EFFICIENCY OF MSW COMPOST FOR REDUCING UPTAKE OF HEAVY METALS BY PLANT

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost supplied from the Istanbul Solid Waste Recycling and Composting Facility was used to amend soil samples collected within the boundaries of Istanbul. Cat grass (Dactylis glomerata cat grass) seeds were sown in the prepared samples. Plant development was observed for 90 days. pH, Cd, Cu and Ni concentrations in plant samples were measured at the end of every month. Concentrations of forms of Cd, Cu and Ni forms in soil were determined at the beginning and at the end of 90 day period (with sequential extraction). The effect of MSW compost on the transfer of Cd, Cu and Ni from the soil to the plants and the change in the forms of heavy metals in soil was determined. Results of sequential extraction showed that, adding compost into the soil changed the forms of these metals in soil. Plant uptake of Cd decreased, however, those of Ni and Cu increased. Cu concentration in plants that grew in soil with 3 wt. % of compost added reached 136.4 mu g/kg

Removal of astrazon red 6B from aqueous solution using waste tea and spent tea bag

This study aimed to remove basic dye (astrazon red 6B (AR)) from liquid environment by adsorption. For this purpose, batch experiments were performed using spent tea leaves (TL) and tea bags (TB) as adsorbents due to their low costs. Adsorption experiments were carried out for different initial concentrations (25-200mg/L), different pH values (pH 2-10), and different adsorbent amounts (0.25-2g/L) of solution. Equilibrium sorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of adsorption. The adsorption data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm for TL and Langmuir isotherm for TB. Two kinetic models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were employed to describe the adsorption mechanism. According to the results of the analysis, the pseudo-second-order equation was determined to be the best model to describe the adsorption behavior for both adsorbents with the determination factor R(2)0.92. The results proved that the spent TL and used TB could be potentially used as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of AR from aqueous solutions

Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of fruit juice industry effluents

830-837This study investigates biological treatment of fruit juice industry effluents in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), activated sludge reactor (ASR) and anaerobic upflow sludge blanket reactor (UASB). At anaerobic biological treatability studies, seed sludge was acclimated to the medium and 95% of COD removal was obtained within a few weeks. At the end of anaerobic study, organic loading rate was increased to 5 kg COD/m3-day and the hydraulic retention time was decreased to 2.3 days. At the aerobic biological treatability studies, 90-95% soluble COD removal was achieved for both wastewaters (sour cherry and apple) in SBR and in ASR. In addition to aerobic biological treatability studies, microbiological investigation, and kinetic and stociometric coefficients were determined. At the end of microbiological examination, fungi overwhelmingly dominated the system