First Report of a Case with Needle Track Sinus after Aspiration Biopsy of a Benign Thyroid Nodule Resulted in an Unexpected Postoperative Complication

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the most feasible, safe, and accurate diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis. The development of a sinus tract between thyroid gland and the skin through needle tract after fine needle aspiration biopsy is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. In this paper, a 71-year-old man presenting with a swelling and discharge on the anterior neck wall was reported. Similar complaints were present 15 to 20 days after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid gland four years ago. Bilateral total thyroidectomy was performed considering a thyroid malignancy infiltrating the skin. Histopathologic examination confirmed a sinus tract between the thyroid gland and skin and thyroid nodule was benign in nature. It must be kept in mind that inflammatory reactions might also occur after fine needle aspiration biopsy of benign thyroid nodules. In patients with needle biopsy-related inflammation, surgery may be delayed until the inflammation subsides

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Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the most feasible, safe, and accurate diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis. The development of a sinus tract between thyroid gland and the skin through needle tract after fine needle aspiration biopsy is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. In this paper, a 71-year-old man presenting with a swelling and discharge on the anterior neck wall was reported. Similar complaints were present 15 to 20 days after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid gland four years ago. Bilateral total thyroidectomy was performed considering a thyroid malignancy infiltrating the skin. Histopathologic examination confirmed a sinus tract between the thyroid gland and skin and thyroid nodule was benign in nature. It must be kept in mind that inflammatory reactions might also occur after fine needle aspiration biopsy of benign thyroid nodules. In patients with needle biopsy-related inflammation, surgery may be delayed until the inflammation subsides

The Evaluation of Contralateral Breast Lesions in Breast Cancer Patients Using Reduction Mammoplasty

Purpose: This study evaluated the importance of routine pathological examination of contralateral breast specimens in breast cancer patients using reduction mammoplasty. Methods: The weight of breast tissue resected from the contralateral breast in 71 patients and the number of slices used for pathological evaluation were recorded. Breast lesions found in the contralateral breast and accompanying lesions with tumors were examined. Results: High risk proliferative lesions were reported in the contralateral breast of eight (11.2%) patients, and low-risk lesions were detected in 18 (25%). While the mean age of the patients with high-risk lesions was 45.6, it was 52.8 for the other patients (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Bilateral reduction mammoplasty may be beneficial to delineate some pathologies in contralateral breasts even in those patients with normal clinical and radiological findings. The incidental discovery of these pathologies is much more likely in young breast cancer patients

Relationships Between Epidemiological Features and Tumor Characteristics of Breast Cancer

Objectives. Breast cancer is a histological, morphological and molecular heterogenous disease. Like clinical outcomes and prognoses of different subtypes, etiologies might also be different. Therefore, epidemiologic risk factors like sociologic, demographic, antropometric, reproductive, and menstrual factors can be considered as an entity reflected in tumor features. This study was planned to explore the relation between well known risk factors of breast cancer and histological and molecular features of the tumor. Materials and Methods. Epidemiologic data for 250 breast cancer patients followed-up by our clinic and 250 healthy individuals without any diagnosis of malignancy were obtained. The data displaying a relation to breast cancer are age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), place of birth and province, educational level, menstrual status, age of menarche and menopause, number of births, age at first childbirth, family history of breast cancer, history of smoking and hormone treatment, mammographic screening, and presence of benign lesions. The tumor characteristics of patients in the breast cancer group were recorded. Results. Advanced age, nulliparity, low educational level, irregular mammographic screening, early menarche and late menopause, and high BMI in postmenopausal period were found to be related to increased breast cancer risk. Striking results in terms of the relation between epidemiological factors and tumor features were the early diagnosis of breast cancer in patients with regular mammographic screening. Tumor size was decreased with increased age and increased with increased BMI. Advanced age, prolonged lactation, increased number of births, and high education level were found to decrease axillary involvement. Conclusions. Multiparity still continues to be the strongest protective factor against breast cancer in our society. The decrease in menarche age may be an early sign of the increased breast cancer incidence. Women should be informed about the relation between postmenopausal obesity and breast cancer and encouraged to attend physical activity and exercise programmes. Regular physical examination and mammographic screening are protective against breast cancer

Extradigital Glomus Tumor of Thigh

Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that arise from neuromyoarterial glomus bodies. They represent around 1–5% of all soft-tissue tumors. High temperature, sensitivity, and pain and localized tenderness are the classical triad of symptoms. Most glomus tumors represent in the subungual area of digits. Extradigital glomus tumors are a very rare entity. There are rare cases of these tumors reported to be in shoulder, elbow, knee, wrist, even stomach, colon, and larynx. We are reporting a case of a glomus tumor on thigh and discuss the histological and immunohistochemical features

LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER-2010 ISTANBUL BREAST CANCER CONSENSUS MEETING

The definition of locally advanced breast cancer mainly describes the clinically stage III disease. The aim of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is achieving the chance of applying breast- conserving surgery (BCS) in primary operable breast cancer; ensuring the opportunity of operation and prolong the survival in inoperable and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The complete staging of the disease should have been completed before the NACT. Tru- cut biopsy of the mass in the breast should be carried out and it should be enough to examine ER, PR and HER- 2 status and archive. The place of the primary tumor should be marked before the surgery. As NACT, anthracycline and taxan containing regimens should be applied preferably sequentially until the maximum response can be achieved. The response should be assessed clinically and radiologically before surgery, and pathologically after surgery. BCS should be carried out including the place of the primary tumor. Total mastectomy is the standart operation in inoperable and IBC. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy is controversial after NACT. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy can be used for postmenopausal and hormone- receptor (HR) strongly positive patients who rejected chemotherapy or who is not able to take chemotherapy. After completion of chemotherapy, HR positive patients should receive hormonotherapy, for five years according to the menopausal status. HER- 2 positive patients should receive trastuzumab concurrently with NACT and it should be continued after the surgery as a part of adjuvant treatment and completed into total of 52 weeks usage. All patients should receive radiotherapy postoperatively regardless of the response to NACT