Influencia del contexto social en el rendimiento acad?mico de los estudiantes del grado 7-1 de la instituci?n educativa t?cnica Antonio Nari?o Fe y Alegr?a de la Ciudad de Ibagu?

39 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl objetivo principal de esta investigaci?n fue identificar los factores del contexto social que influyen en el rendimiento acad?mico de los estudiantes de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Antonio Nari?o Fe y Alegr?a. El estudio se adelant? desde el enfoque etnogr?fico. Participaron los estudiantes del grado 7-1, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 11 y 14 a?os de edad. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para la recolecci?n de la informaci?n fueron entrevistas y encuestas que se aplicaron a estudiantes y docentes. Tambi?n se utiliz? el estudio sociodemogr?fico de la poblaci?n perteneciente a la Instituci?n, los registros convivenciales y acad?micos y los diarios de campo de los docentes (observaci?n emp?rica). Como resultado, se observ? que los estudiantes del grado 7-1 pertenecen a un nivel socio-econ?mico bajo, diversos tipos de familias que, casi siempre, presentan conflictos como la agresividad, violencia intrafamiliar, consumo de sustancias sicoactivas, problemas de delincuencia com?n, desplazamiento, escases alimentaria y necesidades b?sicas como tambi?n un bajo ?ndice de escolaridad de sus familias. La investigaci?n permiti? concluir que los estudiantes del grado 7-1 poseen dificultades en su rendimiento acad?mico y su conducta debido a las diferentes din?micas familiares y sociales a las que pertenecen y las cuales influyen en sus resultados acad?micos.The main objective of this research was to identify the social context factors influencing academic performance of students of the Technical Educational Institution Antonio Nari?o Fe y Alegria. The study took the lead from the ethnographic approach. Graders participated 7-1 aged between 11 and 14 years old. The instruments used for data collection were interviews and surveys were applied to students and teachers. The demographic study of the population belonging to the institution, the convivial and academic records and field diaries of teachers (empirical observation) was also used. As a result, we observed that 7-1 grade students belong to a low socio-economic level, various types of families almost always have conflicts such as aggression, domestic violence, consumption of psychoactive substances, problems of common crime, displacement, food shortages and basic needs as well as a low level of education of their families. The investigation concluded that the 7-1 graders have difficulties in their academic performance and behavior due to different family and social dynamics to which they belong and which affect their academic performance. Keywords: academic performance, social context, influence

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival