Effects of a Concentrated Program of Education on the Attitudes of Hearing Impaired Adults

Non

Problem i sluha i govora kod starijih osoba

Dedicated to Professor Petar Guberina on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday The purpose of the present report is to offer a somewhat different perspective on the frequency with which otolaryngological and communication disorders were seen in patients age 65 years and above within a six-month period in a modern otolaryngology practice in a large medical clinic setting.Autori proučavaju probleme sluha i govora kod starijih osoba u SAD. Iznose najprije brojne statistike objavljene u SAD o gubitku sluha i smetnjama u govoru kod starijih osoba u SAD, ali ističu da još ni jedan istraživač nije sistematski obradio te probleme u cjelini otorinolaringološkog aspekta. Toga su se rada prihvatili dr. Joseph H. Oyer, predstojnik u Odjelu za Otorinolaringologiju na Harvardu i dr. Herbert J. Oyer, Profesor znanosti o govoru i sluhu na Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Broj pacijenata: 216, koje su podijelili u dvije grupe: 1) »Mladi-stari« (65-74) g. i 2) »Stari-stari« (preko 75 godina). Ispitivali su područja: lica, vrata, uha, nosa i grla. Najviše je problema bilo s uhom: 48,7%. Onda su problemi slijedili ovim redom: nos, 19,8%, grlo: 13,8%, lice: 12,9%, glava i vrat: 4,7%. Nije bilo razlike između spolova. Zaključci su bili sljedeći: prvo, najviše je problema s uhom, te je presbiakuzija najčešća od svih problema ORL. Drugo: potrebno bi bilo napraviti u istom smislu komparativne studije da se vidi status ORL problema u SAD i drugdje u svijetu

More Words, Less Action: A Framing Analysis of FEMA Public Relations Communications During Hurricanes Katrina and Gustav

This study comparatively analyzes the Federal Emergency Management Agency's crisis public relations communication leading up to and during hurricanes Katrina and Gustav to determine what, if any, changes FEMA made to its communication strategy. Employing framing analysis, the authors discovered that, aside from an increase of more than double the number of words devoted to its Gustav crisis communication, the action statements within FEMA’s crisis rhetoric had significantly decreased since that before and during Katrina

Sigma1 Targeting to Suppress Aberrant Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer.

Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) activity in prostate cancer by androgen depletion or direct AR antagonist treatment, although initially effective, leads to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) via compensatory mechanisms including resurgence of AR and AR splice variant (ARV) signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor) is a unique chaperone or scaffolding protein that contributes to cellular protein homeostasis. We reported previously that some Sigma1-selective small molecules can be used to pharmacologically modulate protein homeostasis pathways. We hypothesized that these Sigma1-mediated responses could be exploited to suppress AR protein levels and activity. Here we demonstrate that treatment with a small-molecule Sigma1 inhibitor prevented 5α- dihydrotestosterone-mediated nuclear translocation of AR and induced proteasomal degradation of AR and ARV, suppressing the transcriptional activity and protein levels of both full-length and splice-variant AR. Consistent with these data, RNAi knockdown of Sigma1 resulted in decreased AR levels and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, Sigma1 physically associated with ARV7 and A

West Nile virus growth is independent of autophagy activation

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus with a worldwide distribution that causes neurologic disease and death. Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism involved in antiviral responses but can be subverted to support viral growth as well. We show that autophagy is induced by WNV infection in cell culture and in primary neuron cultures. Following WNV infection, lysosomes co-localize with autophagosomes resulting in LC3B-II turnover and autolysosomal acidification. However, activation or inhibition of autophagy has no significant effect on WNV growth but pharmacologic inhibition of PI3 kinases associated with autophagy reduce WNV growth. Basal levels of p62/sequestosome1(SQSTM1) do not significantly change following WNV-induced autophagy activation, but p62 is turned over or degraded by autophagy activation implying that p62 expression is increased following WNV-infection. These data show that WNV-induces autophagy but viral growth is independent of autophagy activation suggesting that WNV-specific interactions with autophagy have diverged from other flaviviruses

Leading-effect vs. Risk-taking in Dynamic Tournaments: Evidence from a Real-life Randomized Experiment

Two 'order effects' may emerge in dynamic tournaments with information feedback. First, participants adjust effort across stages, which could advantage the leading participant who faces a larger 'effective prize' after an initial victory (leading-effect). Second, participants lagging behind may increase risk at the final stage as they have 'nothing to lose' (risk-taking). We use a randomized natural experiment in professional two-game soccer tournaments where the treatment (order of a stage-specific advantage) and team characteristics, e.g. ability, are independent. We develop an identification strategy to test for leading-effects controlling for risk-taking. We find no evidence of leading-effects and negligible risk-taking effects

The CT20 peptide causes detachment and death of metastatic breast cancer cells by promoting mitochondrial aggregation and cytoskeletal disruption

Metastasis accounts for most deaths from breast cancer, driving the need for new therapeutics that can impede disease progression. Rationally designed peptides that take advantage of cancer-specific differences in cellular physiology are an emerging technology that offer promise as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer. We developed CT20p, a hydrophobic peptide based on the C terminus of Bax that exhibits similarities with antimicrobial peptides, and previously reported that CT20p has unique cytotoxic actions independent of full-length Bax. In this study, we identified the intracellular actions of CT20p which precede cancer cell-specific detachment and death. Previously, we found that CT20p migrated in the heavy membrane fractions of cancer cell lysates. Here, using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that CT20p localizes to the mitochondria, leading to fusion-like aggregation and mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. As a result, the distribution and movement of mitochondria in CT20p-treated MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly impaired, particularly in cell protrusions. In contrast, CT20p did not associate with the mitochondria of normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells, causing little change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, morphology or localization. In MDA-MB-231 cells, CT20p triggered cell detachment that was preceded by decreased levels of alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and reduced F-actin polymerization. Using folate-targeted nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver CT20p to murine tumors, we achieved significant tumor regression within days of peptide treatment. These results suggest that CT20p has application in the treatment of metastatic disease as a cancer-specific therapeutic peptide that perturbs mitochondrial morphology and movement ultimately culminating in disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, cell detachment, and loss of cell viability

Conducting polymer nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy

First and second generation photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have shown promising results in clinical applications, aided by recent improvements in light absorption efficiency and quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation. However, these photosensitizers still have several drawbacks that prevent PDT from being an efficient therapy, including lack of selectivity to diseased tissue, observation of dark toxicity, and hydrophobicity of the sensitizer. Conducting polymers are promising candidates as next generation sensitizers for PDT due to their large extinction coefficients ( \u3e 10(7) L mol(-1) cm(-1)), ability to undergo intersystem crossing to the triplet state at high rates, and triplet energies that are close to that of oxygen. Targeting of conducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) nanoparticles to folate receptors (FR) was achieved by development of blended nanoparticles containing amphiphilic polymer polystyrene graft ethylene oxide functionalized with carboxylic acid (PS-PEG-COOH) with chemically active moieties that can be functionalized with folic acid. The resulting organic nanoparticles are buffer stable and exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the dark. The functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs) were studied in OVCAR3 (ovarian cancer cell line, FR+), MIA PaCa2 (pancreatic cell line, FR-), and A549 (lung cancer cell line, marginally FR+). Complete selectivity of the FNPs towards FR+ cell lines was found, and is attributed to the hydrophobicity and large negative zeta potential of the nanoparticles. Quantification of PDT results by MTS assays and flow cytometry show that PDT treatment was fully selective to the FR overexpressing cell line (OVCAR3). No cell mortality was observed for the other cell lines studied here within experimental error