Neutrosophic Rings I

In this paper, we present some elementary properties of neutrosophic rings. The structure of neutrosophic polynomial rings is also presented. We provide answers to the questions raised by Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache in [1] concerning principal ideals, prime ideals, factorization and Unique Factorization Domain in neutrosophic polynomial rings

Evaluating and Improving Marketing Productivity

Adeola Oyebola's poster on how to evaluate and improve marketing productivity

Chemical Profile and Surgical Anaesthesia Dosage of Dried Clove Bud in Brooders of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

The need to characterise optimum dosage of farmer preferred cheap and locally available dried clove bud (DCB), liable to induce anaesthesia to surgical stage in Clarias gariepinus brood-stocks necessitated this study. DCB was characterised for content of essential oil (CEO) and its chemical composition through hydro-distillation and gas chromatography (GC-MS) respectively. Ten random samples (5male and 5female) of C. gariepinus brooders(mean weight, 1.63±0.33kg) were immersed in 0.00 g/l (T1), 0.1g/l (T2), 0.2g/l (T3), and 0.3g/l (T4) concentrations of aqueous DCB, observed for time (minutes) to reach anaesthesia induction-IT, sedation-SeT, surgery-ST; and recovery-RT; then, survival (%) at 3weeks post-experimentation period. Data were analysed for differences and regression at P<0.05. DCB yielded 1.60% CEO; composed 52 chemicals containing 91.76% eugenol derivatives. Significantly, IT and SeT varied from 2.63±0.21min (T4) to 4.23±0.27mins (T2) and 5.73±0.22mins (T4) to 8.74±0.50mins (T2); ST occurred and was similar across T3 (13.95±1.69mins) and T4 (14.15±1.65mins); RT varied at 1.49±0.13mins post-SeT (T2) to 3.78±0.36 mins post-ST (T4), while survival was 100.00% in T1 - T4. The IT, SeT, ST, RT, and survival were similar across sexes in T2 - T4. Significantly, DCB regressed at concentration = 0.016 + 0.936 (RT) – 0.074 (SeT). DCB has low CEO but contain chemicals liable to induce surgical anaesthesia at 0.3g/l (T4) for about 4mins, without causing mortality in C. gariepinus brooders. Meanwhile, increased concentration would further delay recovery time

The religious divide in the Yoruba terminology for God: A linguistic perspective

This paper has addressed the issue of the reflection of religious affiliation in the use of language. It specifically set out to ascertain whether the use any of the Oòlóòrun/ Oòlóòhun variant, in reference to ‘God’ has any religious connotation. In addition it sought to find out which of the variants correctly serves as the underlying form of the reduced form ‘Oòlóòun’. The paper adopted a two-pronged methodological approach, first, through a phonological analysis of consonant deletion in Yoruba, and secondly, through a questionnaire based data collection. The phonological analysis focused specifically on the possibility of the deletion of [r] and [h] in Yoruba. The linguistic analysis showed that the reduced form could not have been derived from the variant with [r] but from that with [h]. The analysis from the results from the questionnaire showed that though the Oòlóòrun variant is predominant in the language community, the Muslim origin of the Oòlóòhun variant is not in doubt. The study found that Christians and Muslims use the reduced variant without regard to its decidedly Muslim origin. The paper concluded by observing that linguistics and language use are veritable instruments of breaking down the barriers of religious divide

Assessing the Affective Behaviours in Learners

There is a great need to balance the assessment of learning outcomes in learners by assessing all the domains associated with behavioural changes instead of assessing the cognitive achievement in the learner alone.  This paper x-rays what affective assessment is, the ground rules for affective assessment, school affective behaviours and the tools for affective assessments.  The authors advocated that teachers should assess the affective outcome in learners as this will enable learners not only to acquire academic competencies but to be adequately equipped with knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, practical and psychosocial skills that would enable them live healthy and satisfying lives and derive the benefit of learning.

A combined perception and needs assessment study of home based palliative care among patients with life-threatening diseases attending the Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-77).This study aimed to evaluate the perception and needs for Home Based Palliative Care (HBPC) among patients suffering from life-threatening conditions presenting at the Federal Medical Centre Abeo-Ogun State, Nigeria. Needs assessment for this specialized care were investigated among cancer and HIV/AIDS patients receiving treatment in this health institution. Questionnaires were administered to the patients and statistical analysis of the collected data evaluated

Teachers’ Factors as Determinants of the Professional Competence of the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) Teachers

The National Teachers’ Institute (NTI) has been involved in training teachers for the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) for over three decades through Distance Learning Programme.  The quality of these teachers has been queried particularly when compared with those who run full-time NCE Programme.  This study, therefore, determined the professional competencies of NCE teachers produced by NTI. The study further examined the extent to which NTI primary school teachers’ morale, motivation, attitude, and commitment accounted for their professional competencies. The study adopted a survey design. Forty NCE teachers produced by NTI Distance Learning Programme and 40 full-time NCE trained teachers were purposively selected from schools in eight local government areas of Ogun State.  The only instrument used for data collection was the Teachers’ Characteristic Questionnaire.  Three research questions were answered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and multiple regression.The profile of NTI NCE teachers and full-time NCE teachers were high and positive on commitment to teaching, motivation to work, morale and attitude to teaching.  The NTI NCE teachers were significantly committed to teaching more than the full-time teachers (t (78) = 2.02, p<0.05). Attitude to teaching, motivation to work and teachers’ morale did not significantly influence professional competence. All the factors jointly accounted for 1.4% of the variance in the teachers’ professional competence.In view of the fact that teachers will continue to access professional training by NTI, there is, therefore, the need for NTI to ensure a favourable teaching environment in order to enhance the production of committed teachers. Therefore, the NTI Programme should be sustained because of its role in the training of teachers. Keywords: Professional competence, Teachers characteristics, Distance learning programme, NTI NCE Programme

Teachers’ Factors as Determinants of the Professional Competence of the Nigeria Certificate in Education Teachers

The National Teachers’ Institute (NTI) has been involved in training teachers for the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) for over three decades through Distance Learning Programme.  The quality of these teachers has been queried particularly when compared with those who run full-time NCE Programme.  This study, therefore, determined the professional competencies of NCE teachers produced by NTI. The study further examined the extent to which NTI primary school teachers’ morale, motivation, attitude, and commitment accounted for their professional competencies. The study adopted a survey design. Forty NCE teachers produced by NTI Distance Learning Programme and 40 full-time NCE trained teachers were purposively selected from schools in eight local government areas of Ogun State.  The only instrument used for data collection was the Teachers’ Characteristic Questionnaire.  Three research questions were answered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and multiple regression.The profile of NTI NCE teachers and full-time NCE teachers were high and positive on commitment to teaching, motivation to work, morale and attitude to teaching.  The NTI NCE teachers were significantly committed to teaching more than the full-time teachers (t (78) = 2.02, p<0.05). Attitude to teaching, motivation to work and teachers’ morale did not significantly influence professional competence. All the factors jointly accounted for 1.4% of the variance in the teachers’ professional competence.In view of the fact that teachers will continue to access professional training by NTI, there is, therefore, the need for NTI to ensure a favourable teaching environment in order to enhance the production of committed teachers. Therefore, the NTI Programme should be sustained because of its role in the training of teachers. Keywords: Professional competence, Teachers characteristics, Distance learning programme, NTI NCE Programme

An Investigation of the Level of Entrepreneurial Aspiration among Students in a Nigerian University

This study investigated the level of entrepreneurship aspiration among tertiary institution students in Ogun State. A total of 300 students selected through simple random sampling techniques from the Faculty of Education of Olabisi Onabanjo University participated in the study.  Three research questions were raised and answered in the study.  A researcher designed and validated questionnaire titled: Students Entrepreneurship Aspiration Scale was the only major instrument used for data collection.  The frequency count, simple percentage and t-test of significance at 0.05 level of confidence were used for data analysis.  Findings from the study revealed that majority of the students possessed low level of entrepreneurship aspiration.  There was no significant gender difference in the students’ level of entrepreneurship aspiration; and several reasons were given by the participants for the recorded low level of entrepreneurship aspiration. It was therefore recommended among others that effort should be made to create positive attitude to entrepreneurship, as well as the need for all stakeholders to encourage youths to set up businesses of their own

Investigations into the reproducibility of powder flow measurements and their relevance for pharmaceutical dosage form manufacture.

In the pharmaceutical industry, powder flow assessment methods are of great interest for the development and manufacture of solid dosage forms. Methods providing reproducibility, yet which are easy to perform, are sought. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate methods to determine powder flow for their ability to detect variability in flow, reproducibility of the results and ease of use. The operation and performance of the rotational split-level shear tester using a standard cell was evaluated by studying the flow and failure properties of pregelatinised starch, α-lactose monohydrate, precipitated calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose type 105 and powder fractions of the first two of these powders. The results indicated that reproducible and reliable flow properties could be obtained using a set of derived parameters of operation. The instrument was able to detect differences in shear properties due to differences in particle size when using size- fractionated powder samples. An influence of relative humidity of the air (35 - 75 %) on the shear properties, however, was not evident. The results obtained for the powders in relation to static and dynamic packing demonstrated that the use of the Mohammadi and Hamby model (compaction constant, T) led to a better/distinct ranking of powders than the commonly employed Carr's compressibility index, and that the use of a classical tap volumeter as opposed to the fast tapping technique described in the European Pharmacopoeia enhances packing of powders. Pre-drying the powder prior to particle density measurements led to better values being obtained as indicated by the statistical evaluation of the pre and post - drying data. The critical orifice diameter measurement led to a different ranking of the powders compared to the other methods of powder flow evaluation. The studies have shown that the rotational split-level shear tester gave the most useful data which were reproducible and able to differentiate between the properties of the powders