The influence of cultural coloration on conflict resolution by African Christian leaders : a study of Christian leaders and conflict resolution in Jos, Nigeria

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1374/thumbnail.jp

Biosorption Kinetics of vetiveria zizanioides Rhizobacter on Heavy Metals Contaminated Wastewater

The burden of heavy metals pollution in the environment has increased over the last century. Consequently, concerted efforts towards addressing this menace in the environment and subsequently on health has being on the increase. A number of plants and microorganisms are currently being experimented for their potential to uptake heavy metals from both soil and water. However, the kinetics of uptake of heavy metals in wastewater which are necessary for the design of the treatment system have been largely neglected, this paper therefore investigates the kinetics of biosorption of heavy metals in contaminated wastewater using two  microorganism isolated from rhizospheric soil of Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) plant.The result of bioaccumulation studies showed that Bacillus cereus showsthe maximum bioaccumulation capacity of 96.75% for Lead, 23% for Cadmium and 16.98% for Zinc while Bacillus subtilis accumulated 95.2% of the Lead, 41.3% of Cadmium and 32.2% of Zinc from solution.Also, the result of kinetic studies revealed that the kinetic data agrees with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Keywords: Biosorption, Heavy metals, Rhizospheric, Wastewater, Vetiveria zizanioides

Impact of Effluents on Water Quality and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna of Awba Stream and Reservoir

A study on the impact of effluent discharge on water quality and the benthic macro invertebrate fauna of the Awba stream and reservoir was carried out between April 2007 and May 2008. Benthic macro invertebrate and sediment samples were collected with a Van Veen grab, while physico-chemical parameters were sampled with Hach\u2019s Company Fish Farmers\u2019 Water Quality Test kit. Four stations were chosen for this study. A total of 4 taxa comprising 10 species of organisms were recorded. The abundance of these species and the physicochemical parameters at the various stations were significantly different (P<0-05). Dissolved oxygen was considerably lowest at Station 2 (1.38 \ub1 0.19mgl-1); a region of intense organic pollution during the study period. This was accompanied by high values of dissolved CO2 (20.0 \ub1 1.51mgl-1), total hardness (103.0\ub17.87mg (CaCO3)/l), ammonia-nitrogen (3.0\ub10mgl-1) and increased pH values (8.5\ub10.27). Water temperature values was also highest at this station (30.7\ub11.15\ub0C). The values obtained for the physico-chemical parameters and correlation values with the tested organisms indicated that changes in community structure had occurred as a result of changes in prevailing conditions in the habitat. The levels of trace metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr) were analyzed and there was no statistically significant difference in the values recorded between stations. The levels of these metals except zinc and manganese fell within the limits specified by USEPA as values recorded for zinc and manganese were higher than the acceptable limits specified by USEPA

Determination of Heavy Metal levels in Soil and Vegetable Samples around Automobile Workshops in Iworoko-Ekiti, Nigeria

This study identified and determined levels of eighteen heavy metals in six soil and twelve vegetable samples (Talinum triangulare and Amaranthus hybridus) from selected automobile workshops at Iworoko Ekiti using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF). Identical samples were also collected outside this neighborhood as control and analyzed using the same analytical technique. The results indicated that the observed heavy metals in the samples from the sites and control were within the range (1.044-3180.224) mg/kg and (1.002-1845.744) mg/kg. The soil samples were slightly enriched in vanadium, manganese, nickel, copper ,zinc, arsenic, selenium  and rubidium (Enrichment Factor (EF) = 1.033 – 2.179). Significant differences also exist between the levels of calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, arsenic, and yttrium (at p < 0.05, t = 0.00002 – 0.03950). The accumulation factors of the vegetable samples in Amaranthus hybridus were in the range 0.0006 – 824.1057 and those of Talinum triangulare were in the range 0.00019 – 338.76885. The relatively higher levels of chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and arsenic in the vegetable samples from the sites compared with WHO/FEPA permissible limits was an indication of contamination: The consumption of vegetables in such an environment could be detrimental to health

Five-years retrospective study on utilization and uptake pattern of family planning services in primary health centres in a peri-urban settlement in southwest Nigeria

Background: Family planning is one of the most basic and essential healthcare services that can promote and ensure women's reproductive health worldwide. However, there has been a low level of utilisation of family planning services by women in developing countries. Therefore, the paper documented the utilisation rate, the uptake pattern of family planning services, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the women who attended the selected primary health centres in the Ife-Central local government area. Method: A five-year retrospective review of primary health centre’s records of clients who attended selected health centres from January 2017-December 2021. Data was obtained from the client cards and the family planning record book. A total of 2572 clients’ records were evaluated. Results: the study revealed the modal age group of 25-34 (58%) and modal parity of 3-4 (51%) children. The most significant proportion of the women was married (94.6%), with a secondary level of education (89%). Injectables were the most utilized family planning services among women in primary health centres, followed by the uptake of condoms. The Implant was the only increasing uptake pattern of family planning services within 5 years in primary health centres. Conclusion: Injectable contraceptives have a higher utilization rate, and the uptake pattern of family planning services varied in selected PHCs. However, the uptake pattern of implants increased consistently. Therefore, there is a need for continuous awareness creation and advocacy for the uptake of family planning services to promote women’s health and well-being. Trial registration: It was not retrospectively registered

Haemoglobins with multiple reactive sulfhydryl groups: reactions of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) with CysF9[93] and CysH3[125] of guinea pig haemoglobin

Guinea pig haemoglobin has six sulfhydryl groups, one at each of the positions F9[93], G11[104] and H3[125], which appear in pairs. Titration with p-hydroxymercuri(II)- benzoic acid and with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) indicate that four of the six sulfhydryls are reactive. The time course of the DTNB reaction is triphasic at pH > 7. The fast phase is about 2 orders of magnitude faster than the intermediate phase and can be clearly separated from it. The intermediate phase, where it exists, is about 3-4 times faster than the slow phase. However, the amplitude of the intermediate phase, which has a maximum of about 15% of the total signal amplitude, becomes negligible as it approaches pH 7, so that the kinetics eventually becomes biphasic. The pH dependence profile of kapp, the apparent second-order rate constant, for the fast phase resembles the titration curve of a diprotic acid. Quantitative analysis indicates that the reactivity of the sulfhydryl group to which this phase may be attributed is linked to two ionizable groups with pKas of 6.4 0.1 and 7.8 0.2. These values are assigned to HisHC3[146] and CysF9[93], respectively. The pH dependence profile of kapp for the slow phase resembles the titration curve of a monoprotic acid. Quantitative analysis indicates that the sulfhydryl group to which this phase may be attributed is linked to a single ionizable group with a pKa of 6.1 0.2. Examination of the structure of guinea pig haemoglobin near the H3[125] position shows that there is a lysine residue, LysA5[8], which is only 4 (0.4 nm) away from CysH3[125]. The presence of this lysine lowers the pKa of CysH3[125] from the normal value for sulfhydryl groups (between 8 and 8.5) to 6.1. (Received July 31, 2001; revised May 1, 2002) (Bulletin of The Chemical Society of Ethiopia: 2002 16 (2): 175-186

Decomposition and Nitrogen Release Patterns of Parkiabiglobosa and Albizialebbeck Leaves with Nitrogen Fertilizer for Maize Production in Sudan Savanna Alfisolof Nigeria

Biomass transfer or cultivation of leguminous trees has higher eco-friendly profiles for soil nutrients restoration especially nitrogen. The research is conducted on decomposition and nitrogen release patterns of Parkia biglobosa and Albizia lebbeck leaves with nitrogen fertilizer for maize production in sudan savannah alfisol of Nigeria. Data were analysed using (ANOVA). 56 % of N in the litter bag was released the first two weeks of biomass incubation and progressively increases weeks after planting. Decomposition rate constant (KD) ranged from 9.18 to 15.07 week-1 and the rates of plant residues was higher in Albizia lebbeck than Parkia biglobosa in both seasons. Nitrogen release rate constant (KN), ranging from 7.82 to 10.81 week-1 followed a similar pattern as the rate of decomposition with Albizia lebbeck releasing the highest amount of N followed by Parkia lebbeck. The rate of decomposition increased as week increased. Incorporation of Albizia lebbeck had significantly higher effect (p < 0.05) on growth parameter and yield component compared to Parkia biglobosa. The study concluded that Albizia lebbeck decomposed and mineralized faster for crop uptake under sudan savanna conditions. The study suggests that incorporation of Albizia lebbeck and up to 40 kg N ha-1 is a better combination for soil quality improvement and maize productivity in Makera, a semi-arid environment of Nigeria

Households' Choice of Genotypes and Traits of Preference in Yoruba Ecotype Chicken in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study aimed at evaluating Yoruba Ecotype chicken genotypes of choice and traits of preference in the chicken by households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained from a total of 120 households using structured interview schedule. Data were subjected to both descriptive statistics and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Results revealed that most of the respondents were female; they raised the chicken for income generation and consumption. Most of the respondents preferred normal feather Yoruba Ecotype chicken to other genotypes. The result also revealed that traits of preference by most of the respondents were growth rate, body size, egg production, fertility, disease resistance, temperament, broodiness, mothering ability, hatchability, plumage colour and distribution, social-cultural value, survivability, fecundity, ease of sales and laying of large number of eggs. The Principal component 1 explained over 86.2% in household preferences for all the variables considered in the study. Based on the result of this study, it was concluded that most of the respondents’ preferred normal feather Yoruba Ecotype chicken compared to other genotypes like frizzle feather and naked neck. Traits of economic importance appeared to be consistent in preference for genotype of choice by respondents. The PCI value explained over 86.2% in household preferences for all the variables. Further research efforts on genotypes and traits of economic importance of Yoruba Ecotype chicken could facilitate future breeding programs geared towards increasing the chicken production and productivity among households and smallholders. There is also a need for effective breeding and conservation program to preserve economically important genetic resources of this chicken to prevent the risk of loss of the indigenous chicken genetic pool

Comparison of Conventional Schlumberger and Modified Schlumberger Arrays in Estimating Aquifer Parameters in A Typical Basement Complex, Southwestern Nigeria

This study compared the interpretation results of the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data acquired using the conventional Schlumberger and modified Schlumberger arrays with a view to assessing the effectiveness of the modified Schlumberger arrays of VES as alternatives to the conventional Schlumberger array at sites with space constraint during geophysical exploration. A total of thirty (30) VES data for both conventional Schlumberger and modified Schlumberger arrays were collected across different rock units within Federal University Oye-Ekiti campus and Irare estate in Oye-Ekiti metropolis, south-western Nigeria, with electrode spacing

Assessment of Drinking Water Samples Around Selected Oil Spillage and Metal Recycling Company in Lagos State, Nigeria

In recent times, anthropogenic source has been considered to be one of the major sources of environmental pollution. In this study, the levels of six heavy metals (Cadmium -Cd, Copper-Cu, Chromium-Cr, Iron-Fe, Mangenese- Mn and Lead-Pb) were assayed in water samples from well and borehole around Gemade oil spillage and Sun metal industry, Lagos, Nigeria using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The levels of these heavy metals were in the order Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd / Pb / Cr for the two sites and control, and within the range 0.001-10.162 mg/L. The results showed that significant difference exists between these levels and the controls (tv < 0.005). In most cases, the levels of Fe and Mn from the sites were found above the WHO/FEPA limits. Significant differences exist between the levels of Cu and Mn in well and borehole water samples (tv = 0.004 -0.005) but not Fe (tv = 0.31 - 0.91). This indicated that the surrounding drinking water samples were polluted with some of these metals. The results obtained in this work also gave the baseline levels of these metals in the water samples at the selected sites