Implementation of CT and IHT Processors for Invariant Object Recognition System

This paper presents PDL or ASIC implementation of key modules of invariant object recognition system based on the combination of the Incremental Hough transform (IHT), correlation and rapid transform (RT). The invariant object recognition system was represented partially in C++ language for general-purpose processor on personal computer and partially described in VHDL code for implementation in PLD or ASIC

The measurement of open apices of teeth to test chronological age of over 14-year-olds in living subjects

Age determination in living subjects is a problem of increasing interest in our community, due to the increasing numbers of individuals without identification papers, who have immigrated illegally or committed crimes, and for whom it is necessary to verify whether they have reached the age of 14 years in order to be charged legally. Although the most widespread methods for age estimation refer to skeletal or dental analysis, these methods do present some drawbacks for identification of the age of 14. The aim of the present study is to discriminate between children who are or are not 14 years of age or older by measuring the open apices of teeth. We evaluated the OPGs of 447 persons aged between 12 and 16 years, of Italian, Croatian and Slovenian nationality. For each individual, dental maturity was estimated using the number of the seven left permanent mandibular teeth with root development complete, and normalized measurement of the open apices of the third molar. The results revealed that an individual is considered to be 14 years of age or older if all seven left permanent mandibular teeth have closed apices and the normalized measurement of open apices of the third molar is lower than 1.1

Asymmetric Image Encryption Approach with Plaintext-Related Diffusion

This paper deals with topic of image encryption based on chaotic maps. A solution which has advantage of robustness against chosen-plaintext attacks is proposed. Permutations of image pixels are carried out in a way that enables operations on grayscale images with arbitrary resolution. All calculations done with user key and also all diffusion processes employ the same chaotic map. This feature enables usage of look-up tables which reduce computational times. The paper includes several experiments which verify achieved results and also briefly describes advantages and drawbacks of proposed solution

The effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the sensitivity of dental pulp: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process that's initiated by orthodontic forces. As a consequence, the forces could restrict pulpal blood supply, possibly affecting dental pulp. The study aimed to review the available evidence on the short and long-term effects of orthodontic tooth movement on dental pulp sensitivity and to identify clinically relevant risk factors. Sources: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for papers from 1990 to the end of December 2021. Study selection: The studies that evaluated dental pulp sensitivity of teeth undergoing OTM were included in the systematic review. Randomized, nonrandomized and case-controlled studies were included in the analysis. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Data: The systematic search yielded an initial sample of 1110 studies, 17 were included in qualitative analysis. Most studies were classified as moderate risk of bias, however only limited long-term evidence with a higher risk of bias exists. Electric pulp test (EPT) sensitivity threshold during active OTM was increased by 4.25 SD (P < 0.001) and the relative risk (RR) of pulpal non-sensitivity was 13.27 (P < 0.001) higher compared to pre-orthodontic baseline status. Significant differences were between subgroups associated with the type of OTM. A positive relationship between pulpal non-sensitivity and mean patient age was discovered (P = 0.041). After OTM the risk of pulpal non-sensitivity remained 5.76 times higher (P < 0.001) in the long term. Conclusions: Evidence showed that OTM could affect dental pulp sensitivity. The type of OTM and patients' age were identified as clinically relevant risk factors. Clinical significance: Orthodontic tooth movement negatively impacts the sensitivity of dental pulp during active treatment and to a lesser degree in the long term. Pulpal sensitivity tests during active OTM should therefore be interpreted with caution. Data indicates younger patients have a lower risk of negative pulpal sensitivity during orthodontic treatment

Laboratory Equipment Type Fiber Optic Refractometer

Using fiber optics and micro optics technologies we designed aninnovative fiber optic index of refraction transducer that has uniqueproperties. On the base of this transducer a laboratory equipment typefiber optic refractometer was developed for liquid index of refractionmeasurements. Such refractometer may be used for medical,pharmaceutical, industrial fluid, petrochemical, plastic, food, andbeverage industry applications. For example, it may be used formeasuring the concentrations of aqueous solutions: as the concentrationor density of a solute increase, the refractive index increasesproportionately. The paper describes development work related to designof laboratory type fiber optic refractometer and describes experimentsto evaluation of its basic properties

Assessment of facial asymmetry in growing subjects with a three-dimensional laser scanning system

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate facial asymmetry in growing subjects with no malocclusion on three-dimensional laser facial scans. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty-seven healthy Caucasian children (15 boys and 12 girls, aged 5.4 \ub1 0.3 years) in the primary dentition without malocclusion were randomly selected from a local kindergarten in Slovenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surface facial images were obtained using a three-dimensional laser scanning system at baseline and at 18, 30, 42 and 54 months of follow-up. Facial asymmetry was assessed quantitatively by measuring the average distance between facial image and mirrored image. Further, the percentage of asymmetry was calculated as the percentage of image to mirrored image not coinciding within 0.5 mm. Qualitative assessment was performed on colour deviation maps by recording the predominant side of the face for the upper, middle and lower parts of the face separately. Nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: No face was perfectly symmetric. The average distance between the mirrored images for the whole face ranged 0.22-0.85 mm and the percentage of asymmetry 7.8-66.9. There were no significant gender differences (p > 0.05), and no significant change was found over the observed period. The upper part of the face was the least asymmetric, while the lower and middle parts showed similar degrees of asymmetry. CONCLUSION: Facial asymmetry is already present at an early developmental stage and does not show any tendency to increase or decrease with growth in the pre-pubertal period