An extensive study of blazar broad emission line: Changing-look blazars and Baldwin effect

It is known that the blazar jet emissions are dominated by non-thermal radiation while the accretion disk jets are normally dominated by thermal emission. In this work, our aim is to study the connection between the two types of emission by investigating the correlation between the blazar emission line intensity property, which embodies the nature of accretion disk, and the $\gamma$-ray flux property, which is the representative of jet emission. We compiled a sample of 656 blazars with available emission line equivalent widths ($EW$), the GeV $\gamma$-ray flux, and the SED information from the literature. In this work, we found 55 previous BCUs are now identified as FSRQs, and found 52 Changing-look blazars based on their $EW$ and 45 of them are newly confirmed. These Changing-look blazars have a larger accretion ratio (${\dot M}/{\dot M}_{\rm Edd}$) than BL Lac objects. In addition, we suggest that the lower synchrotron peak blazars (LSPs) could be the source of Changing-look blazars because 90.7\% of the Changing-look blazars in this work are confirmed as LSPs. An anti-correlation between $EW$ and continuum intensity, the so-called global Baldwin effect (BEff) has been confirmed. We suggest the steeper global BEff observed for blazar than for radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (RQ-AGNs) is caused by the inverse Compton scattering of broad-emission-line photons. This interpretation is further supported by the positive correlation between the emission line $EW$ and intrinsic inverse Compton luminosity.Comment: Accepted to Ap

An Adaptive Alternating Magnetic Interference Suppression (AAIS) Algorithm for Geomagnetic Vector Measurement

To achieve high-precision vector measurement values in a geomagnetic field, it is necessary to develop methods for overcoming alternating magnetic interference (AMI), which is generated by electrical equipment. This paper proposes the adaptive alternating magnetic interference suppression (AAIS) algorithm. In this algorithm, first, only a triaxial fluxgate sensor measures the magnetic field data. The time–frequency diagram of the total magnetic field is obtained quickly through short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Additionally, the time and frequency of AMI appearance are analyzed. Then, the triaxial adaptive notch filter suppresses the three-component related magnetic interference. Herein, simulation and actual experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of AAIS. The results indicate that the algorithm can quickly detect the frequencies of AMI from the total magnetic field and adaptively fit their amplitude and phase on the vector magnetic field. Finally, AAIS can suppress the interference effectively. The AAIS algorithm realizes error compensation for the vector measurement values by the total magnetic field, which effectively improves the vector measurement accuracy of the geomagnetic field. We highlight that the AAIS algorithm is effective for AMIs of different frequencies, numbers, and intensities without reference sensors. Our work has practical implications in airborne, vehicle-mounted, and shipborne geomagnetic vector detection

Comparison and evaluation of two different methods to establish the cigarette smoke exposure mouse model of COPD

Animal model of cigarette smoke (CS) -induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the primary testing methodology for drug therapies and studies on pathogenic mechanisms of disease. However, researchers have rarely run simultaneous or side-by-side tests of whole-body and nose-only CS exposure in building their mouse models of COPD. We compared and evaluated these two different methods of CS exposure, plus airway Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inhalation, in building our COPD mouse model. Compared with the control group, CS exposed mice showed significant increased inspiratory resistance, functional residual capacity, right ventricular hypertrophy index, and total cell count in BALF. Moreover, histological staining exhibited goblet cell hyperplasia, lung inflammation, thickening of smooth muscle layer on bronchia, and lung angiogenesis in both methods of CS exposure. Our data indicated that a viable mouse model of COPD can be established by combining the results from wholebody CS exposure, nose-only CS exposure, and airway LPS inhalation testing. However, in our study, we also found that, given the same amount of particulate intake, changes in right ventricular pressure and intimal thickening of pulmonary small artery are a little more serious in nose-only CS exposure method than changes in the whole-body CS exposure method.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81630004, 81470246, 81220108001, 81520108001]; Guangdong Department of Science and Technology of China [2016A030311020, 2016A030313606]; Guangzhou Department of Education Yangcheng Scholarship [12A001S]; Guangzhou Department of Education Scholarship [1201630095]; Guangzhou Department of Science and Technology [2014Y2-00167, 201607010358]; Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme, ChinaThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

A high-resolution map of human RNA translation

Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We determined the ribosome locations across six primary human cell types and five tissues and detected 7,767 smORFs with translational profiles matching those of known proteins. The human genome was found to contain highly cell-type- and tissue-specific smORFs and a subset that encodes highly conserved amino acid sequences. Changes in the translational efficiency of upstream-encoded smORFs (uORFs) and the corresponding main ORFs predominantly occur in the same direction. Integration with 456 mass-spectrometry datasets confirms the presence of 603 small peptides at the protein level in humans and provides insights into the subcellular localization of these small proteins. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of high-confidence translated smORFs derived from primary human cells and tissues in order to provide a more complete understanding of the translated human genome.</p