Empowerment of Women through Self-help Groups and Credit Linkage: A Case Study of Six Self-help Groups under Ramsai Hills, Assam

A harmonious progress of a nation is possible only when women are considered as equal partners in the development process. Since early 1970's the emergence of Self Help Group (SHGs) as a vehicle of transformation in povery alleviation and women empowerment became worldwide phenomenon. Self Help Groups are considered as one of the means to empower women as it enables them to pool resources through thrift and opens them to easy access to credits. A SHG is generally a village-base financial intermediary. It is homogenous and has commonality of interest. Typically it is a group of "micro entrepreneurs" with similar social and economic backgrounds, coming together to save regular small sums of money, jointly agreeing to contribute to a common fund and to meet their emergency needs. They pool their resources to become financially stable

Axion Like Particle Search at Higgs Factories

We study the potential of the future Higgs factories, including the ILC, CEPC, and FCC-ee with $\sqrt{s}$ = 240-250 GeV on discovering axion-like particles (ALPs) through various production channels in the leptonic final states, $e^+e^- \to f\bar{f} a$, where $f=e,\mu,\nu$. We show that the $e^+e^- \to e^+e^- a$ with $a \to \gamma\gamma$ provides the best bounds for the $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$ and $g_{aZZ}$ couplings, while $e^+e^- \to \nu\bar{\nu}a$, with $a \to \gamma\gamma$ offers the best bounds for the $g_{aZZ}$ and $g_{aZ\gamma}$ couplings. The $e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^- a$ with $a \to \gamma\gamma$ provides intermediate sensitivity to the $g_{aZZ}$ coupling. Our estimates of the bounds for the $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$, $g_{aZ\gamma}$, and $g_{aZZ}$ couplings as a function of ALP mass ($M_a$) ranging from 0.1 GeV to 100 GeV provide valuable insights for future experiments aiming to detect ALPs. We find that $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$ around $1.5\times10^{-4}~\rm GeV^{-1}$ for $M_a = 0.1-6$ GeV is currently not ruled out by any other experiments.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

A modern paradigm for cloud computing adoption that brings into account the deployment organization's main concerns

Over the past few decades, organizations have increasingly showcased a tendency to switch to digital solutions to make their operations more effective. Among them, Cloud computing has been considered as one of the best and easiest choices, especially for manufacturing companies with multiple geo-locations. This article has explored all the available variables before moving on to applying the modern IS technology such as cloud computing, using a qualitative model of study. The findings of this study is an outcome of the semi-structured interviews with the officials of an individual organization. Through this study, we have discovered that the key factors playing a major role in cloud services adoption are: provider activities and external computing support, top management support, competitive benefit, financial commitments, usability, capacity, previous expertise, trialability and complexity. The proposed adoption framework classifies the adoption pathway into three sections. Firstly, it outlined the selection of the cloud delivery model. Secondly, the framework addressing the processes in the preparation stage along with its responsible authority. Finally, it categorizes the implementation stage processes and its authority

Information loss, mixing and emergent type III1_1 factors

A manifestation of the black hole information loss problem is that the two-point function of probe operators in a large Anti-de Sitter black hole decays in time, whereas, on the boundary CFT, it is expected to be an almost periodic function of time. We point out that the decay of the two-point function (clustering in time) holds important clues to the nature of observable algebras, states, and dynamics in quantum gravity. We call operators that cluster in time "mixing" and explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for mixing. The information loss problem is a special case of the statement that in type I algebras, there exists no mixing operators. We prove that, in a thermofield double (KMS state), if mixing operators form an algebra (close under multiplication) the resulting algebra must be a von Neumann type III$_1$ factor. In other words, the physically intuitive requirement that all non-conserved operators should diffuse is so strong that it fixes the observable algebra to be an exotic algebra called a type III$_1$ factor. More generally, for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium state of a general quantum system (von Neumann algebra), we show that if the set of operators that mix under modular flow forms an algebra it is a type III$_1$ von Neumann factor. In a theory of Generalized Free Fields (GFF), we show that if the two-point function of GFF clusters in time all operators are mixing, and the algebra is a type III$_1$ factor. For instance, in $\mathscr{N=4}$ SYM, above the Hawking-Page phase transition, clustering of the single trace operators implies that the algebra is a type III$_1$ factor, settling a recent conjecture of Leutheusser and Liu. We explicitly construct the C$^*$-algebra and von Neumann subalgebras of GFF associated with time bands and more generally, open sets of the bulk spacetime using the HKLL reconstruction map.Comment: 60 pages, 2 figure

Leptoquark search at the Forward Physics Facility

In this study, we calculate the sensitivity reach on the vector leptoquark (LQ) $U_1$ at the experiments proposed in Forward Physics Facility (FPF), including FASER$\nu$, FASER$\nu2$, FLArE (10 tons), and FLArE (100 tons) using the neutrino-nucleon scattering ($\nu N \rightarrow \nu N'$ and $\nu N \rightarrow l N'$). We cover a wide mass range of $10^{-3}$ GeV $\leq M_{LQ}\leq 10^4$ GeV. The new result shows that the FLArE (100 tons) offers the best sensitivity to the LQ model. The sensitivity curves for all the experiments follow a similar pattern with weakened sensitivities with the increment of the LQ mass. We combine the sensitivities obtained from the neutral- and charged-current interactions of the neutrinos.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Adding two subfigures on the TeV mass LQ mass regim