Change of internal stress of carbon superhard condensates at a process of annealing

Superhard carbon coatings with thickness from 5 nm up to 10 mm were obtained by vacuum-arc deposition of carbon plasma on sublayers from stainless steels, titanium and silicon under the temperature from 50 up to 150 8C. Correlation dependences between conditions of formation of carbon condensates and change of internal stresses in them at a process of annealing in a range of temperatures from 200 up to 475 8C were examined. It was shown that the character of internal stresses changing at a process of annealing of carbon condensates had proof correlation with the parameters of deposition and it could be used for identification of coatings and for control of their propertiesyesBelgorod State Universit

Change of internal stress of carbon superhard condensates at a process of annealing

yesSuperhard carbon coatings with thickness from 5 nm up to 10 mm were obtained by vacuum-arc deposition of carbon plasma on sublayers from stainless steels, titanium and silicon under the temperature from 50 up to 150 8C. Correlation dependences between conditions of formation of carbon condensates and change of internal stresses in them at a process of annealing in a range of temperatures from 200 up to 475 8C were examined. It was shown that the character of internal stresses changing at a process of annealing of carbon condensates had proof correlation with the parameters of deposition and it could be used for identification of coatings and for control of their propertiesBelgorod State Universit

Results from tests on matrices of lead tungstate crystals using high-energy beams

The performance of lead tungstate crystals using photomultipliers and Si avalanche photodiodes to detect the scintillation light has been studied using high energy electron, pion and muon beams at CERN. Results from tests carried out in 1993 and 1994 are presented. Good energy resolution has been obtained using photomultipliers. Some further development is required of crystals and avalanche photodiodes in order to achieve a performance, with avalanche photodiode readout, similar to that obtained using photomultipliers

Studies of lead tungstate crystal matrices in high-energy beams for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter at the LHC

Using matrices of lead tungstate crystals energy resolutions better than 0.6% at 100 GeV have been achieved in the test beam in 1995. It has been demonstrated that a lead tungstate electromagnetic calorimeter read out by avalanche photodiodes can consistently achieve the excellent energy resolutions necessary to justify its construction in the CMS detector. The performance achieved has been understood in terms of the properties of the crystals and photodetectors

CMS : the TriDAS Project Technical Design Report; v.1, the Trigger Systems

CM