Crise sociale, crise du goût : le végétarisme comme issue. Une étude de cas dans la région parisienne

Dans les analyses courantes de la consommation alimentaire, on ne trouve pas trace des végétariens. Ils ne sont pas représentés. Ils sont aussi absents des statistiques et ne figurent que dans les nomenclatures nutritionnelles où leur régime fait essentiellement l'objet d'évaluations normatives. Face à ce vide de la représentation et des nomenclatures, seules les définitions indigènes des promoteurs sont disponibles. Le végétarisme y apparaît comme une philosophie de vie qui se caractérise par le rejet de la cruauté à l'encontre des animaux, la conscience aiguë de la santé et l'amour de la nature. Aussi son adoption procède-t-elle, selon ces définitions, d'un choix exclusivement moral qui, bien qu'apanage habituel des élites, doit rester une perspective ouverte à tous, en raison des vertus particulièrement édificatrices du régime. Dans ce texte, on montre que le végétarisme ne saurait être réduit à un choix moral : c'est un fait social important qui entretient d'étroites relations avec les conditions de vie, les aspirations sociales et les modes de socialisation des goûts.

Anthropologie des relations hommes-animaux

Arouna Ouedraogo, chargé de recherche à l’INRANoëlie Vialles, maître de conférences au Collège de France Le séminaire a poursuivi, dans la même perspective comparatiste que l’année précédente, sa recherche des variations et des constantes qui caractérisent les relations entre hommes et animaux, notamment dans les systèmes domesticatoires. Il a concentré son attention sur quelques configurations rencontrées en Asie et en Europe, et sur les formes particulières qu’y prennent les usages alimenta..

Concept traditionnel de la folie et difficultés thérapeutiques psychiatriques chez les Moosé du Kadiogo

L'exercice de la psychiatrie en Afrique au Sud du Sahara se heurte à de nombreux problêmes d'acceptabilité des soins par les malades et leurs familles. Le rejet fréquent de la démarche thérapeutique des psychiatres s'explique peut-être par l'inadaptation de l'approche étiopathogénique. En effet, en Afrique Noire, les responsables des maladies diffèrent selon qu'on a été à l'école ou non. L'école occidentale apprend aux minorités qui ont la chance d'y aller ou de l'approcher que le corps humain peut être agressé par des bactéries, des virus, des mycoses ou autoagressé par des modifications de sa propre physiologie. L'éducation traditionnelle, quant à elle, fait du corps une entité mystérieuse susceptible d'être pénétrée ou mangée par les génies et les sorciers anthropophages, suivant un mécanisme mystico-religieux lié aux croyances et coutumes. Chez la majorité des Moosé du plateau moaga du Burkina Faso, ces agresseurs sont des génies ancestraux ou des génies de brousse, en particulier dans le domaine de la folie. L'explication de la souffrance psychologique par un conflit familial, social ou intrapsychique indépendant du monde invisible est à la limite délirante pour eux, provoquant ainsi leur résistance à la prise en charge psychiatrique complète de ces malades. Une analyse des causes probables de cette résistance nous a paru nécessaire. À l'aide d'interviews, elle nous a montré que l'institution psychiatrique est vécue par les Moosé du Kadiogo comme une étape dans l'itinéraire thérapeutique de leurs malades mentaux, étape au cours de laquelle leur demande de soins se réduit à la suppression du symptôme qui dérange. Pour eux, la suppression de la cause relève d'un savoir que ne possède pas le psychiatre, ce qui rend la relation thérapeutique frustrante de part et d'autre.The practice of psychiatry in the south of the Sahara in Africa collides with many problems of acceptability of care for the ill and their families. The frequent rejection of the psychiatrist's therapeutic approach can often be explained by the inadaptation of the etiopathogenic approach. Indeed, in black Africa, responsibility of illness differs according to the fact that one has been schooled or not. The western world teaches minorities having the chance to live there or learn about it, that the human body can be assaulted by bacteria, viruses, mycoses or be self-assaulted by changes of its own physiology. Traditional education, for its part, regards the body as a mysterious entity susceptible of being penetrated or eaten by geniuses and anthrophagic sorcerers following a mystico-religious mechanism linked to beliefs and customs. In the majority of the Moose of the Moaga plateau in Burkina Faso, especially regarding madness, these assailants are ancestral geniuses or geniuses from the bush. Psychological suffering caused by a family, social or intrapsychic conflict independent of the invisible world is ultimately delirious for them thus provoking a resistance to give up complete charge of their mentally ill to psychiatric care. For us, an analysis of probable causes of this resistance appeared necessary. Interviews have shown that the psychiatric institution is experienced by the Moose of Kadiogo as a stage in the therapeutic itinerary of their mentally ill, a stage in the course of which their demand for care is reduced to the elimination of inconvenient symptoms. For them, the elimination of the cause derives from a knowledge that psychiatry does not possess, which renders the therapeutic relationship frustrating for both parties.El ejercicio de la siquiatrîa en el Sahara Sur Africano se tropieza con muchos problemas de aceptaciôn de los tratamientos por los enfermos y sus familias. El rechazo frecuente al tratamiento de los siquiatras se explica probablemente por la falta de adaptaciôn del enfoque etiopatogénico. En efecto, en el Africa negra, los responsables de las enfermedades difieren, segun que se haya o no se haya frecuentado la escuela. La escuela occidental ensena a las minorias que tienen la posibilidad de asistir, o de acercarse, que el cuerpo humano puede ser agredido por bacterias, virus, micosis, o puede ser autoagredido por las modificaciones de su propia fisiologia. La educaciôn tradicional, en cuanto a ella, hace del cuerpo una entidad misteriosa susceptible de ser penetrada o carcomida por los genios y los brujos antropofagos, siguiendo un mecanismo mistico y religioso ligado a las costumbres y creencias. Para la mayorîa de los Mossis del valle moaga en Burkina faso, particularmente en Io que concierne a la locura, esos agresores son los genios ancestrales o los genios de la selva. La explicaciôn del sufrimiento sicolôgico debido a un conflicto familiar, social, o siquico independiente del mundo visible es, a este punto, délirante para ellos, Io que provoca una resistencia al tratamiento siquiâtrico completo en esos enfermos. Un anâlisis de las causas posibles de esta resistencia nos parecio necesario. Ayudados con entrevistas, estas nos mostraron que los Mossis del Kadiogo viven la institution siquiâtrica como una etapa en el itinerario terapéutico de los enfermos mentales, etapa durante la cual el recurso a la ayuda se reduce a la supresiôn de los sintomas que molestan. Para ellos, la supresiôn de la causa proviene de un saber que el siquiatra no posée, Io que rinde la relation terapéutica frustrante de parte y parte

Value chain and multi-crop baseline of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa Initiative (TAFS-WCA): A case study of Nigeria

This report presents the baseline survey of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa (TAFS-WCA) initiative in Nigeria. Three regions of Nigeria were surveyed. Data were collected with smart tablets using the CSPro application. A total of 1200 actors in agricultural production and value chain were surveyed during the baseline data collection in in Rwanda. These are mainly rice, maize, soybean, beans, cassava, sweet potato, banana, African vegetables, inputs dealers, traders, processors and service providers. All data analyses were carried out with the STATA 16 software. Among the population of producers, 16.33% (196) are rice producers, 8.25% (99) are maize producers, 8.42% (101) are soybean producers, 8.83% (106) are bean producers, 8.58% (103) are yams producers, 8.00% (96) are cassava producers, 8.67% (104) are sweet potato producers, 8.25% (99) are banana producers, 8.33% (100) are African vegetables producers, 0.08% (1) are inputs dealer, 15.33% (184) are traders, 0.33% (4) are processors and 0.58% (7) are service providers. The average age of rice farmers is 40 years old and ranges from 15 to 80 years old, and their mean household size is 7 people. About 74% of actors are male and 93% are married. In addition, 87% of the respondents have received formal education and 82% have crop production as their main activity. Moreover, 97 % of producers grow crops during the rainy season, 2.29% during both seasons while 0.49% in dry season. It should also be noted that in the face of climate change, less than 30% and 22% of producers have access to forecasts of extreme events (drought, flood, strong wind, etc.) and information on seasonal forecasts (weather for the following 2-3 months) respectively. In relation to food security and the poverty index, preliminary results show that the vast majority of farmers’ households have an acceptable level of dietary diversity, meal frequency and nutritional importance of the food groups consumed; and the poverty index of the population is 49%

E-registration, spatial referencing and tracking of farmers for innovation scaling in Burundi

This report presents a dataset of the e-registration of farmers in Burundi for assessing the adoption of innovations and the diffusion of new technologies. Data was collected from actors after a census conducted in three steps. First, main crops production regions and value chain actors were identified. In the second step, the list of actors was updated based on membership of their associations. Finally, a census of all individual actors was conducted as well as the geo localization of all farmers’ fields and villages using GPS device. Data were collected for the 2022 growing seasons and the dataset contains 1,751 observations with 159 variables divided into six sections: (i) preliminary information on the respondents; (ii) socio-economic characteristics; (iii) information on the rice plots; (iv) knowledge, use and access to rice varieties; (v) knowledge, use and access to agricultural equipment and methods; and (vi) information on post-harvest activities. Five categories of actors were identified: seed producers (127), crops producers (1,394), millers (35), traders (231) and service providers (8). On average, a farmer grew three crops. The main crops of farmers were rice (745) followed by cassava (254), banana (202), potato (181) and beans (131). The dataset is valuable for the diffusion at large scale of improved technologies and an effective monitoring of the dissemination. Data can be used by scientists to have better understanding of crops value chains, production systems, the level of knowledge, accessibility and adoption of improved rice varieties and agricultural technologies, for further research in the field of rice value chain development, technologies testing and socioeconomic studies of rice value chain actors and other crops such as cassava, banana, potato, and beans. Because of the large number of observations (1,751 actors), data can be used as sampling frame for further experiments or surveys based on random samples. Moreover, the dataset has the potential of generating descriptive statistics at the most disaggregated level of administrative units or villages for different equipment, methods and varieties adopted by gender and country

Value chain and multi-crop baseline of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa Initiative (TAFS-WCA): A case of Burundi

This report presents the results of the baseline survey of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa initiative (TAFS-WCA) in Burundi. Six regions of Burundi were surveyed. Data were collected using a smart tablet with the CSPro application. A total of 572 actors in agricultural production and value chain were surveyed during the baseline data collection in Burundi. These are mainly rice, beans, cassava, banana and sweet potato producers, inputs dealer, traders, processors and service providers. All data analyses were carried out with the STATA 16 software. Out of the surveyed population, 41.61% (238) are rice producers, 10.49% (60) bean producers, 10.49% (60) cassava producers, 11.01% (63) sweet potato producers, 11.66% (99) banana producers, 12.76% (73) traders, 2.27% (13) processors and 0.70% (4) service providers. The average age of actors is 43 years old and ranges from 18 to 79 years old, and the average household size is 6 persons. About 67% of actors are male and 88% are married. In addition, 77% of the actors have received formal education and 84% have crop production has main activity. Moreover, 76 % of producers produce during the rainy season, 9% during dry season while 15% in both seasons. With regard to climate change information’s, about 9% of producers have access to forecasts of extreme climatic events (drought, flood, strong wind, etc.) and 8% to information on seasonal forecasts (weather for the following 2-3 months). In relation to food security and the poverty index, preliminary results show that the vast majority of actors have an acceptable level of dietary diversity, meal frequency and nutritional importance of the food groups consumed; and according to the poverty index, the rate of poor actors is 56

Innovations scaling and assessment: Spatial referencing and tracking of farmers in Democratic Republic of the Congo

This report presents a dataset of the e-registration of actors in the agricultural production and value chains in Democratic Republic of the Congo for assessing the adoption of innovations and the diffusion of new technologies. Data was collected after a census conducted in three steps. In the first step, main crops production regions and value chain actors were identified. In the second step, we updated the list of actors based on membership of actors’ associations. In the laststep, we did the census of all individual actors and geo-localized all farmers’ fields and villages using GPS device. Data were collected for the 2022 growing seasons and the dataset contains 3,550 observations with 159 variables divided into six sections: (i) preliminary information on the respondents; (ii) socio-economic characteristics; (iii) information on the rice plots; (iv) knowledge, use and access to rice varieties; (v) knowledge, use and access to agricultural equipment and methods; and (vi) information on post-harvest activities. Six categories of actors were identified: seed producers (1,565), crops producers (1,539), parboilers (2), millers (39), traders (606) and service providers (98). On average, a farmer grows two crops. The main crops of farmers are beans (1,017) followed by maize (919), potato (359), cassava (325), rice (284) and soybean (203). The dataset is valuable for the diffusion of a large scale of improved technologies and effective monitoring of the dissemination. Data can be used by scientists to have better understanding of crops value chains, production systems, the level of knowledge, accessibility and adoption of improved rice varieties and agricultural technologies, for further research regarding rice value chain development, technologies testing and socioeconomics studies of rice value chain actors and others crops such as maize, cassava, soybeans, sweet potato, banana and beans. Because of the large number of observations (3,550 actors), data can be used as sampling frame for further experiments or surveys based on random samples. Moreover, the dataset has the potential of generating descriptive statistics at the most disaggregated level of administrative units or villages for different equipment, methods and varieties adopted by gender and country

Scaling of innovations: E-registration and spatial referencing of farmers in Rwanda

This report presents a dataset of the e-registration of farmers in Burundi for assessing the adoption of innovations and the diffusion of new technologies. Data was collected from actors after a census conducted in three steps. First, main crops production regions and value chain actors were identified. In the second step, the list of actors was updated based on membership of their associations. Finally, a census of all individual actors was conducted as well as the geo localization of all farmers’ fields and villages using GPS device. Data were collected for the 2022 growing seasons and the dataset contains 1,751 observations with 159 variables divided into six sections: (i) preliminary information on the respondents; (ii) socio-economic characteristics; (iii) information on the rice plots; (iv) knowledge, use and access to rice varieties; (v) knowledge, use and access to agricultural equipment and methods; and (vi) information on post-harvest activities. Five categories of actors were identified: seed producers (127), crops producers (1,394), millers (35), traders (231) and service providers (8). On average, a farmer grew three crops. The main crops of farmers were rice (745) followed by cassava (254), banana (202), potato (181) and beans (131). The dataset is valuable for the diffusion at large scale of improved technologies and an effective monitoring of the dissemination. Data can be used by scientists to have better understanding of crops value chains, production systems, the level of knowledge, accessibility and adoption of improved rice varieties and agricultural technologies, for further research in the field of rice value chain development, technologies testing and socioeconomic studies of rice value chain actors and other crops such as cassava, banana, potato, and beans. Because of the large number of observations (1,751 actors), data can be used as sampling frame for further experiments or surveys based on random samples. Moreover, the dataset has the potential of generating descriptive statistics at the most disaggregated level of administrative units or villages for different equipment, methods and varieties adopted by gender and country

Value chain and Multicrop baseline of TAFS-WCA: Case of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

This report presents the results of the baseline survey of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa (TAFS-WCA) initiative in DRC. Three regions of DRC were surveyed. Data were collected using a smart tablet with the CSPro application. A total of 1,024 actors in agricultural production and value chain were surveyed during the baseline data collection in DRC. Actors involved in the baseline data collection are producers of rice, maize, soybean, beans, cassava, sweet potato, inputs dealer, traders, processors and service providers. All data analyses were carried out with the STATA 16 software. Among the actors interviewed, 13.87% (142) are rice producers, 20.02% (205) maize producers, 8.01% (82) soybean producers, 10.53% (200) bean producers, 13.57% (139) cassava producers, 10.66% (61) sweet potato producers, 0.29% (3) inputs dealer, 14.45% (148) traders, 1.27% (13) processors and 2.64% (27) service providers. The average age of actors is 41 years old and ranges from 17 to 79 years old, and the average household size is 7 persons. About 60% of actors are male and 82% are married. In addition, 70% of the actors have received formal education and 79% have crop production has main activity. Moreover, 76 % of producers produce during the rainy season, 5% during dry season while 19% in both seasons.With regard to climate change information’s, about 2.5% of producers have access to forecasts of water level of dams and rivers and 1.32% to information to forecasts of pest or disease outbreak. In relation to food security and the poverty index, preliminary results show that the vast majority of actors have an acceptable level of dietary diversity, meal frequency and nutritional importance of the food groups consumed; and according to the poverty index, the rate of poor actors is 74%

Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa Initiative (TAFS-WCA): Baseline report of the TAFS-WCA

This report presents the baseline survey of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in West and Central Africa initiative (TAFS-WCA) in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. Five areas in Cote d'Ivoire and four areas in Ghana were surveyed. Data was collected using a smart tablet with the CSPro application. A total of 1207 and 1200 actors were surveyed during the baseline data collection in Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana, respectively. Actors involved in the baseline data collection are producers of rice, maize, beans, yams, cassava, banana, cocoa, African vegetables, inputs dealer, traders, processors and service providers. All analyses in this paper were carried out using the STATA 16 statistical software. Among the population of producers, 27.05% (651) are rice producers, 11.97% (288) are maize producers, 4.86% (117) are beans producers, 9.89% (238) are yams producers, 10.93% (263) are cassava producers, 2.49% (60) are sweet potatoes producers, 4.11% (99) are banana producers, 9.18% (221) are cocoa producers, 4.15% (100) are African vegetables producers, 1.04% (25) inputs dealer, 7.23% (174) are traders, 2.16% (52) are processors and 4.61% (111) are service providers. The average age of rice farmers is 46 years old and ranges from 18 to 85 years old, and the average household size is 8 people. About 65.50% of actors are male and 84.34% are married. In addition, 52% of the actors have received formal education and 83.42% have crop production has main activity. Moreover, 53 % of producers produce during the rainy season, 13% during the dry season and 34% during both seasons. It should also be noted that in the face of climate change, 26% of producers have access to information on weather forecasts (for today, 24 hours and/or next 2-3 days), 20% to forecasts of extreme events (drought, flood, strong wind, etc.), and 19% to information on seasonal forecasts (weather for the following 2-3 months). In relation to food security and the poverty index, preliminary results showed that the vast majority of farmers households in both countries have an acceptable level of dietary diversity, meal frequency and nutritional importance of the food groups consumed; and the poverty index of the population remains was 48%