Dépistage des résidus de quelques antibactériens dans le lait et les œufs produits dans les régions de Dakar et de Thiès au Sénégal

In order to contribute to the chemical safety of food, a study was carried out on the residues of antibacterials in milk and eggs produced in the regions of Dakar and Thiès (Senegal). Seventy-four (74) milk samples and 81 egg samples were taken in the Dakar and Thiès regions and analyzed by the CHARM TEST II method at the veterinary drug control laboratory (LACOMEV) in Dakar. The results of the analyzes gave general prevalences of 12.2%, 17.6% and 35.1% respectively for residues of streptomycins, tetracyclines, and betalactamines in milk. The results by region show that the prevalence of residues in milk are higher in Thiès than in Dakar for all the antibiotics sought. The results of the analyzes gave zero prevalence for residues of betalactamins and streptomycins and 3.75% for residues of tetracyclines in eggs. This study thus reveals the presence of antibacterial residues in livestock products intended for human consumption in the regions of Dakar and Thiès in Senegal and therefore the exposure of consumers to risks due to residues. Keywords: Senegal, residues, antibacterials, milk, EggsDans le but de contribuer à la sécurité chimique des aliments, une étude a été réalisée sur les résidus d’antibactériens dans le lait et les œufs produits dans les régions de Dakar et de Thiès (Sénégal). Soixante-quatorze (74) échantillons de lait et 81 échantillons d’œufs ont été prélevés dans les régions de Dakar et de Thiès et analysés par la méthode du CHARM TEST II au laboratoire de contrôle des médicaments vétérinaires (LACOMEV) de Dakar. Les résultats issus des analyses ont donné des prévalences générales de 12,2%, 17,6% et 35,1% respectivement pour les résidus des streptomycines, des tétracyclines, et des betalactamines dans le lait. Les résultats par région montrent que les prévalences des résidus dans le lait sont plus élevées à Thiès qu’à Dakar pour l’ensemble des antibiotiques recherchés. Les résultats issus des analyses ont donné des prévalences nulles pour les résidus des betalactamines et des streptomycines et 3,75% pour les résidus des tétracyclines dans les œufs. Cette étude révèle ainsi la présence des résidus d’antibactériens dans les produits d’élevage destinés à la consommation humaine dans les régions de Dakar et de Thiès au Sénégal et donc l’exposition des consommateurs à des risques dus aux résidus. Mots-clés : Sénégal, résidus, antibactériens, lait, Œuf

Gastrointestinal parasites of baboons (Papio papio) in Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal

Background: Primates can harbor parasites that could be pathogenic or not for humans and primates themselves. It is necessary to know the parasitological situation of the primates that are under surveillance in the park.Aim: To estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites, including zoonotic potential parasites, in baboons in the Niokolo-Koba National Park located in Senegal.Method: Fecal samples (n = 50) from two groups of baboons (A and B) were collected in October 2019. The samples were processed using the flotation technique and the modified Ritchie method. Slides were examined microscopically and the parasite identification was based on morphology, color, and parasite content.Results: A total of seven nematodes (Strongyloides sp., Trichirus sp., Ancylostoma sp., Mammo monogamus, Enterobius sp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyle digestif), one cestode (Bertiella sp.), and one trematode (Fasciolopsis sp.) were identified. The overall prevalence was 78%, while the prevalence of poly-infected samples was 49%. The parasite with zoonotic potential, S. stercoralis, was identified in group B samples. Trichuris sp., which is common and pathogenic to humans and primates, was present with prevalence of 52% and of 32% in groups A and B, respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that baboons are infested with zoonotic parasites and this situation could expose people working in this park to infection. Contact between humans and these baboons or their feces could expose them to infection with zoonotic parasites

Stomach fluke infection in sahelian and West African dwarf small ruminants in Benin

A cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2010 and November 2011 in order to determine the prevalence and the variation factors of the stomach fluke infection in small ruminants of Benin. The paunch and the honeycomb (rumen-reticulum) of 366 sheep and 390 goats of West African Dwarf (WAD) or Sahelian breeds were selected from the two major agro-climatic areas of the country (Northern area and Southern area) and examined.  The results showed an overall prevalence of 14.3% (108 infected subjects out of 756 examined) with 9 to 315 flukes per infected animal. Frequency and intensity of infections have been significantly (p <0.001) higher in wet seasons (27.35%) than in dries (3.61%). Three other associated factors (species, breed and origin) influenced notably (p<0.01) the infection rates. Then, the highest rate (26.06%) was recorded with Sahelian sheep followed by Sahelian goats (16.29%), WAD sheep (9.09%) and WAD goats (6.54%). Northern areas appeared as a favourable environment for the infection

Lutte antidopage et contrôle des médications chez les chevaux de course: Recommandations pour les acteurs des courses de chevaux au Sénégal

The fight against doping in the equine world has two distinct approaches, whether it concerns illicit substances or molecules legitimately used in equine therapy but possessing a doping character. Senegal, being in the process of setting up routine doping control in equestrian disciplines, is taking the paths already established. However, the name medication control not being routine in Senegal, this article written in three sessions, aims to recall this aspect which is intimately linked to the known common expression "doping control" known in this country. To do this, the first session is devoted to doping in the equestrian world with a reminder of the evolution of the definition of doping, the types of doping and the classes of substances used in doping in horses. Then, the second session is kept for anti-doping and medication control. Recommendations to each of the players involved in horse racing ended the third session of this article. Keys Words: Anti-doping, medication control, horse racing players, SenegalLa lutte antidopage dans le milieu hippique connaît deux approches distinctes qu’il s’agisse des substances illicites ou des molécules légitimement utilisées en thérapeutique équine mais possédant un caractère dopant. Le Sénégal étant dans une démarche de mise en place d’un contrôle antidopage en routine dans les disciplines équestre emprunte les pistes déjà établies. Toutefois, l’appellation contrôle des médications n’étant pas de routine au Sénégal, cet article écrit en trois sessions, s’est proposé de rappeler cet aspect qui est intimement lié à l’expression commune connue « contrôle antidopage » connue dans ce pays. Pour ce faire, la première session est consacrée au dopage dans le monde hippique avec pour rappel de l’évolution de la définition du dopage, des types de dopage et les classes des substances utilisées dans le dopage chez les chevaux. Ensuite, la deuxième session est conservée à la lutte antidopage et au contrôle des médications. Les recommandations à l’endroit de chacun des acteurs impliqués dans les courses des chevaux ont terminé la troisième session de cet article. Mots clés: Lutte antidopage, contrôle des médications, acteurs des courses hippiques, Sénéga

Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with major public health importance. To know more about this condition in Burkina Faso, this study was implemented to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pigs and cattle in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 600 cattle and 600 pigs with 300 samples from each species in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso. Data about age, sex, and breed of each animal were also noted. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to look for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies to T. gondii. Results: This study revealed a herd prevalence of 92.5% and 75%, respectively for porcine and bovine toxoplasmosis. At the individual level, we found a prevalence of 29% and 49.2% for cattle and pigs, respectively. For each species, we noticed a significant association between age, sex, breed husbandry system, and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence was significantly higher in female, intra-urban system, exotic breed, and animal <2 years old (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of T. gondii in pigs and cattle farms around Bobo-Dioulasso. Hence, in Bobo-Dioulasso, raw or undercooked meat consumption is a risk for T. gondii infection for human. Knowledge of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis will help to target prevention efforts

Gastrointestinal parasites of baboons (Papio papio) in Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal

Background: Primates can harbour parasites that could be pathogenic or not for humans and primates themselves. It is necessary to know the parasitological situation of the primates that are under surveillance in the park. Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites, including zoonotic potential parasites, in baboons in the Niokolo-Koba National Park located in Senegal. Method: Faecal samples (n=50) from two groups of Baboons (A and B) were collected in October 2019. Faecal samples were processed using the flotation technique and the modified Ritchie method. Slides were examined microscopically, and the parasite identification was based on morphology, colour, and parasite content. Results: A total of seven nematodes (Strongyloides sp., Trichirus sp., Ancylostoma sp., Mammo monogamus, Enterobius sp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongle digestif), one cestode (Bertiella sp.) and one trematode (Fasciolopsis sp.) were identified. The overall prevalence was 78% while prevalence of poly-infected samples was 49%. The parasite with zoonotic potential, Strongyloides stercoralis, was identified in group B samples. Trichuris sp. which is common and pathogenic to humans and primates was present with a prevalence of 52% and of 32% in groups A and B, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that baboons are infested with zoonotic parasites and this situation could expose people working in this park to infection. Contact between humans and these baboons or their faeces could expose to infection with zoonotic parasites

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in households sheep "Elevage en case" in Dakar, Senegal

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep breeding in a particular husbandry system called "Elevage en case" in Dakar, Senegal. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 278 sheep. Serum was harvested and used for analysis. For the detection of T. gondii antibodies, 278 sera were analyzed using the modified agglutination test, while the enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was used on 174 sheep sera to look for N. caninum antibodies. Results: This study showed that 29.4±6.8% of sheep carried both T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies. The overall prevalence was 60.1±5.7% and 41.9±7.3% for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, respectively. For toxoplasmosis, the prevalence was higher in Gueule Tapée (63.3%) than in Medina (58.9%), but the variation was not significant (p=0.45). Regarding the age of animals, the prevalence was significantly higher in animals over 2 years old compared to those under 2 years old (p=0.002). For neosporosis, the prevalence was significantly higher in Medina (48.67%) than Gueule Tapée (16.7%) (p=0.001), but non-significant variation was noted according to animal age. Conclusion: The study showed that sheep reared in households have carried antibodies of T. gondii and N. caninum. The prevalence was high and it means that consumption of meat from these animals is risky if the meat is eaten undercooked

Gastrointestinal Polyparasitism in Bushmeat in Zadie Department in Northeast Gabon

Wildlife is an important source of infectious pathogens, including parasites. Intestinal parasites are among the parasites associated with outbreaks of foodborne disease. This article analyses gastrointestinal parasites in fecal and intestine samples from wild animals used as bushmeat in the Zadie Department, Gabon. Identified parasites belonged to Fifteen taxa of gastrointestinal parasites, some of which are pathogenic for the human being. Gastrointestinal parasite detected in fecal samples from wildlife poses risks to humans, animal, and agricultural production due to the possibility of direct contact with feces. Much care should be given when manipulating games, particularly offal. In conclusion, monitoring wildlife parasites should be conducted in the One Health approach, which recognizes the close link between human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health. Wild animals harbor pathogens that can be infectious agents for humans, including parasites. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal parasites and assess their prevalence and the potential risk for humans associated with consuming these animals. The research was conducted from August to December 2019. Parasitological analyses were carried out on the feces and intestines of 113 wild animals, including antelopes (24), duikers (58), porcupines (18), small monkeys (Cercopithecus) (8), nandinia (2), pangolin (1), genet (1), and a crocodile (1), from the Zadié Department in the province of Ogooué-Ivindo in the northeast of Gabon. The results revealed 15 taxa of gastrointestinal parasites, including nine nematodes: Strongylids (61/113), Strongyloides spp. (21/113), Ascaris spp. (21/113), Trichuris spp. (39/113), Capillaria spp. (9/113), Protostrongylus spp. (5/113), Enterobius spp. (8/113), Toxocara spp. (7/113) and Mammomonogamus spp. (5/113); three species of protozoa, namely Balantidium spp. (12/113), Eimeria spp. (17/113), and Entamoeba spp. (9/113); two species of trematodes, namely Fasciola spp. (18/113) and Paramphistomum spp. (21/113); and cestode species, Taenia spp. (1/113). The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in these animals was 85.84% (97/113). In addition, among these parasitic taxa, some are potential pathogens for humans, such as Ascaris spp., Balantidium spp., Entamoeba spp., and Taenia spp. The consumption of games, particularly offal, infested by these parasites, could threaten human health

Diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in farmed pigs in Southeast Gabon, Central Africa

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal infestations caused by intestinal parasites are the most important diseases and the most common in pigs in the tropics. These parasites are often associated with a huge economic loss. This study aimed to assess the diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in farmed pigs from Haut-Ogooue Province, in South East Gabon. Materials and Methods: From March 2018 to July 2018, 156 samples of pig feces collected from nine different farms were analyzed under light microscopy. The identification of eggs, cysts, and oocysts in fecal samples was done using two qualitative techniques: Flotation and sedimentation. Results: After examination, the results obtained revealed an overall infestation level of 98.7% (154/156). We found ten parasite types with infestation levels that varied from species: Balantidium coli (120/156), Oesophagostomum spp. (100/156), Isospora suis (102/156), Ancylostoma spp. (17/156), Trichostrongylus spp. (28/156), Hyostrongylus spp. (13/156), Strongyloides spp. (7/156), Ascaris suum (8/156), Globocephalus spp. (1/156), and spirurida (1/156). The study of risk factors revealed that factors such as sex, age, and physiological condition may influence the diversity and level of infestation of animals by gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusion: For better prevention of parasitism in these farms, it would be interesting to implement health monitoring and to ensure good hygiene. Finally, further studies would be needed to better evaluate the distribution of these parasites in Gabon and the involvement of these animals in the transmission cycle of parasitic zoonoses