The Saskatoon Indian and Métis Friendship Centre and the Community Liaison Committee : laying the groundwork for self-government, 1968-1982

As Aboriginal peoples relocated to urban areas in the 1950s and 1960s they often found that the services they were offered did not suit their needs, to address this issue Aboriginal peoples began advocating for organizations of their own. Two such organizations include the Saskatoon Indian and Métis Friendship Centre and the Community Liaison Committee. This thesis will explore how Aboriginal peoples worked to create organizations that served their needs, rather than assimilating as was expected; how the status blind approach within organizations was resisted; and how these organizations had a strong desire and vision to become self-governing, often demonstrated by engaging in coproduction, even in the very early stages of organizational development. The data collected included archival documents and informant interviews and was analyzed using an adapted form of grounded theory. The research and analysis revealed waves of engagement in coproduction as a way to defy expectations that Aboriginal peoples would assimilate once moving to the city, and rather embrace Aboriginal cultures and practices in the city

Arbeitszeiten im sozialen Dienstleistungssektor im Länder- und Berufsvergleich

Der Beitrag untersucht die Verbreitung von Teilzeitarbeit und Unterbeschäftigung in sozialen Dienstleistungsberufen im europäischen Ländervergleich. Anhand von Daten der Europäischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung aus dem Jahr 2014 unterscheiden die Autorinnen zwischen Hilfs- und Fachkräften in den Bereichen Erziehung/Bildung einerseits und Pflege/Gesundheit andererseits. Sie zeigen, dass in den meisten der 19 untersuchten Länder die Beschäftigten in sozialen Dienstleistungsberufen häufiger Teilzeit arbeiten als der Durchschnitt der übrigen Beschäftigten. Bei Hilfskräften in sozialen Dienstleistungsberufen ist Teilzeitarbeit häufiger und die Zahl der Wochenarbeitsstunden geringer als bei Beschäftigten in anderen Berufen. Die Hilfskräfte würden ihre Arbeitszeiten gern verlängern, Lehr- und Fachkräfte hingegen nicht. Die Autorinnen diskutieren ihre Befunde im Lichte der aktuellen sozialstaatlichen Herausforderungen, zu denen auch gehört, Fachkräftemangel und drohender Abwanderung aus sozialen Berufen zu begegnen. Neue und existenzsichernde Arbeitszeit- und Entlohnungskonzepte sind dazu erforderlich

Understanding the biases to sepsis surveillance and quality assurance caused by inaccurate coding in administrative health data

Purpose Timely and accurate data on the epidemiology of sepsis are essential to inform policy decisions and research priorities. We aimed to investigate the validity of inpatient administrative health data (IAHD) for surveillance and quality assurance of sepsis care. Methods We conducted a retrospective validation study in a disproportional stratified random sample of 10,334 inpatient cases of age ≥ 15 years treated in 2015–2017 in ten German hospitals. The accuracy of coding of sepsis and risk factors for mortality in IAHD was assessed compared to reference standard diagnoses obtained by a chart review. Hospital-level risk-adjusted mortality of sepsis as calculated from IAHD information was compared to mortality calculated from chart review information. Results ICD-coding of sepsis in IAHD showed high positive predictive value (76.9–85.7% depending on sepsis definition), but low sensitivity (26.8–38%), which led to an underestimation of sepsis incidence (1.4% vs. 3.3% for severe sepsis-1). Not naming sepsis in the chart was strongly associated with under-coding of sepsis. The frequency of correctly naming sepsis and ICD-coding of sepsis varied strongly between hospitals (range of sensitivity of naming: 29–71.7%, of ICD-diagnosis: 10.7–58.5%). Risk-adjusted mortality of sepsis per hospital calculated from coding in IAHD showed no substantial correlation to reference standard risk-adjusted mortality (r = 0.09). Conclusion Due to the under-coding of sepsis in IAHD, previous epidemiological studies underestimated the burden of sepsis in Germany. There is a large variability between hospitals in accuracy of diagnosing and coding of sepsis. Therefore, IAHD alone is not suited to assess quality of sepsis care

The importance of EBIT data for Z-pinch plasma diagnostics

The results from the last six years of x-ray spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry of high energy density Z-pinch plasmas complemented by experiments with the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are presented. The two topics discussed are the development of M-shell x-ray W spectroscopic diagnostics and K-shell Ti spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. The main focus is on radiation from a specific load configuration called an 'X-pinch'. X-pinches are excellent sources for testing new spectral diagnostics and for atomic modelling because of the high density and temperature of the pinch plasmas, which scale from a few {micro}m to several mm in size. They offer a variety of load configurations, which differ in wire connections, number of wires, and wire materials. In this work the study of X-pinches with tungsten wires combined with wires from other, lower-Z materials is reported. Utilizing data produced with the LLNL EBIT at different energies of the electron beam the theoretical prediction of line positions and intensity of M-shell W spectra were tested and calibrated. Polarization-sensitive X-pinch experiments at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) provide experimental evidence for the existence of strong electron beams in Ti and Mo X-pinch plasmas and motivate the development of x-ray spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. This diagnostic is based on the measurement of spectra recorded simultaneously by two spectrometers with different sensitivity to the linear polarization of the observed lines and compared with theoretical models of polarization-dependent spectra. Polarization-dependent K-shell spectra from Ti X-pinches are presented and compared with model calculations and with spectra generated by a quasi-Maxwellian electron beam at the LLNL EBIT-II electron beam ion trap

"Kuchen essen bei Frau Jonas ist nicht gestattet!"

Ambulante Pflege: Einladungen auf Kaffee und Kuchen, Plaudern über private Angelegenheiten – sind persönliche Beziehungen zwischen Pflegenden und Klienten erlaubt? Die Autorin ist dieser Frage wissenschaftlich nachgegangen

Von "chiralen" Superhelices zu achiralen Nanostrukturen

In dieser Arbeit wurden spektroskopische und strukturelle Untersuchungen an chiralen und achiralen supramolekularen Nanoarchitekturen von J-Aggregaten achiraler Cyaninfarbstoffe durchgeführt. Als Modellsysteme wurden Tetrachlorobenzimidacarbocyanin- Farbstoffe mit unterschiedlichen 1,1´-Dialkyl- und 3,3´-Bis-acidoalkyl-Gruppen verwendet. Zur Charakterisierung der Nanostrukturen wurden statische spektroskopische Methoden - UV/Vis-Spektroskopie, Circulardichroismus (CD)- und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie -, Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse,sowie kryogene Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (Cryo-TEM) verwendet. Die delikate Balance der Wechselwirkungskräfte, wie z. B. hydrophobe Wechselwirkung, Dispersionswechselwirkung, sowie Wasserstoffbrücken, führt bei der J-Aggregation von strukturell ähnlichen achiralen Chromophoren zu "chiralen" Superhelices und achiralen nanoskopischen Bändern. Durch Kombination der hydrophoben und hydrophilen Eigenschaften von Tensiden mit den unikalen Eigenschaften von J-Aggregaten entstehen Nanoröhren und Vesikel. Diese Nanostrukturen sind daher vielversprechende Kandidaten für künstliche Lichtsammel- und Antennensysteme.In this work spectroscopic and structural investigations were performed on chiral and achiral supramolecular nanoarchitectures of J-aggregates of achiral cyanine dyes. Tetrachlorobenzimidacarbocyanine dyes with different 1,1´-Dialkyl- and 3,3´-Bis-acidoalkyl- substituents were used as model systems. To characterize these nanoarchitectures static spectroscopic methods - UV/vis-spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD)- and fluorescence-spectroscopy -, x-ray crystal structure analysis, as well as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) were used. The delicate balance of intermolecular forces, like hydrophobic interaction, dispersion forces, as well as hydrogen bonds, leads by J-aggregation of structural similar achiral chromophores to "chiral" superhelices and achiral nanoscopic ribbons. By combination of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of surfactants with the unique properties of J-aggregates nanotubules and vesicles are built. These nanostructures are hopeful candidates for artificial antenna and light harvesting systems