Application of 2D correlation spectroscopy on olive stones acid hydrolysates: Effect of overliming

In order to valorize olive stones we are studying their dilute-acid hydrolysate (DAH) composition, and trying to highlight the effect of the overliming process on DAH composition in order to perform an effective treatment that maximize sugars concentrations (xylose) and minimizes the amount of toxic materials (FF and HMF). An 2(2)3(1) experimental design was established to describe the effects of three controlled factors with distinct levels: pH (10 and 12), temperature (25 and 60 degrees C) and detoxification time (15,30 and 60 min) on the concentration of xylose, FF and HMF. A better understanding of this overliming process was possible by exploring the chromatograms obtained with 2D Correlation Spectroscopy (2DCOS). 2D correlation spectroscopy gave information about the relations that exist between chromatographic peaks and chromatograms. The order in which the constituents vary can be deduced from the sign of peaks in the synchronous and asynchronous matrices, facilitating the interpretation of kinetic studies. (c) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V

Mass Transfer of Carbaryl from Pure Water to Salt Aqueous Solution: Result Comparison Between Sea and Lab-Made Water

International audienc

Empirical models to predict the effect of sterilisation and storage on bisphenols migration from metallic can coatings into food simulants

International audienceBased on response surface methodology, empirical models were built to predict the influence of can processing (heat treatment) and storage conditions (time and temperature) on the migration of bisphenol compounds from the inner lacquer of tinplate cans (4 brands) into several food simulants. Analysis using liquid chromatography revealed the presence of BADGE.2H(2)O and BPA in all samples. Models were significant in fitting the levels of these two bisphenols in food simulants depending on the input variables, with excellent adjusted coefficients of determination. Their prediction performance was validated through running new data sets. Further comparison of predicted values with bisphenols levels measured in canned vegetables revealed that the proposed models are conservative. By the desirability of the response output, the models are capable of proposing the range of can processing and storage conditions that limit migration for further compliance with the regulation. The proposed approach could be a convenient tool for the industries to control processing conditions in order to ensure the conformity of canned foods

Effect of sterilisation and storage conditions on the migration of bisphenol A from tinplate cans of the Lebanese market

The use of bisphenol A (BPA) in lacquer coating of food cans has been restricted by different authorities in many countries, such as in Europe. However, such regulation does not exist in many other countries including Lebanon. Due to the lack of data on the quality of Lebanese can production; this study investigates the migration of BPA from two types of tinplate cans manufactured in Lebanon, before and after sterilisation. Cans were analysed under different storage conditions (time and temperature) and filled with an aqueous simulant. The determination of BPA was carried out using UPLC with fluorescence detection, and further confirmed by MS detection. After sterilisation BPA levels drastically increased from an average of 0.15 to 109 µg/kg, giving a BPA migration around 10.5 µg/dm2 for both types of cans. Storage temperature and time had no significant influence on BPA levels in sterilised cans (p-value > 0.05); however, these factors significantly affected BPA levels in non-sterilised cans

Simultaneous migration of bisphenol compounds and trace metals in canned vegetable food

International audienceFor the very first time, this study investigates the simultaneous migration of several metals and bisphenol compounds from coated tinplate cans into vegetable foods highly consumed worldwide. The role played by heat treatment, food type and brand, storage conditions, can denting and cooking food directly in cans is also assessed. Migration of bisphenol compounds (only BPA and BADGE center dot 2H(2)O detected) was mainly affected by sterilization, whereas metal release was greatly influenced by storage. Based on a Principal Component Analysis different migration pattern groups were highlighted: BPA and Zn (and Pb to a lesser extent) showed similar migration trends, with dependence on food type, brand and storage temperature. Cd, Ni and Cu were similarly influenced by food type and can brand. Fe has a particular trend, with clear influence of storage time, and to a lesser extent of food type. Overall Fe and BADGE center dot 2H(2)O migration were favored in acidic food

Parameters influencing the migration of trace metals in uncoated fruit cans

International audienceThe migration of eight trace elements (Fe, Sn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn) was monitored for fruits canned in uncoated tinplate cans under different storage conditions until the shelf life. The levels of most of these elements significantly increased with storage time and were also affected by storage temperature. Particularly, storage at 40°C (simulating sunlight exposure of the cans) caused important release of Sn and Fe so that canned foods did not comply with regulation. Can denting accelerated the migration of several metals, especially Fe and Sn. Moreover, Fe and Sn levels drastically increased in fruits kept in open cans stored in the fridge for a few days. Small pieces of fruits contained higher level of metals than larger ones, and the side seam coating reduced the migration of trace elements

Lebanese Population Exposure to Trace Elements via White Bread Consumption

International audienceThe objective of this study was to assess Lebanese population exposure to trace elements (TEs) via white pita consumption. A survey of white pita consumption was achieved among one thousand Lebanese individuals, grouped into adults (above 15 years old, men, and women) and young people (6–9 and 10–14 years old). The most consumed pita brands, labeled B1, B2, and B3, were selected. Levels of TEs (i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) in B1, B2, B3 pitas were measured. The highest contents of TEs in pitas were: Ni (1292 µg/kg) and Co (91 µg/kg) in B1; As (400 µg/kg) and Cd (< 15 µg/kg) in B2; Cr (363 µg/kg), Pb (260 µg/kg), and Hg (0.89 µg/kg) in B3. The pita brand B3 was the source of the highest TEs exposure, except for Ni for which it was B1. Daily exposures to TEs due to the fact of pita consumption were compared to safety levels. There were no safety concerns for Hg, Cd, Cr or Co (except the 95th percentile of 6–9 years old). An excess of the Ni tolerable daily intake was observed for the most exposed populations. The very low margins of exposure for As and Pb suggest a worrying risk for the Lebanese population

Lebanese pita extracts with presence of trace elements: hazard assessment

International audienceAmong Trace Elements (TE) that can be present in food, some are known to be toxic and must be monitored. Regarding food safety, it is relevant to study the case of the pita, since it represents a large part of the daily diet of the Lebanese population. In a previous study, the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) analyzed the presence of several TE (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, nickel and lead) in white Lebanese pita. Although the toxicity of each TE is known individually, it is important to test the toxicity of the mixture of TE, present in the bread, in order to check the presence of "cocktail" effects between TE, especially synergism