Regenerating Vascularized Craniofacial Bone from 3D-Printed Scaffolds and Stromal-Vascular Fraction Cells: An Animation and Interactive Presentation for Lay Audience and Scientists

Present day surgical reconstruction of large craniofacial defects relies on bone grafts to restore the patient’s facial structure and function. However, this procedure is limited in success due to the complex orbital, maxillary, zygomatic, and mandibular structure of the craniofacial area. The most effective post-surgical patient social reintegration correlates not only to the anatomical and physiological outcomes of the surgery, but also its cosmetic results. To this end, biomaterials and medical research proposes a 3D printed scaffold customized to fit the patient. However, there are currently no existing visualizations to explain the complex science of this procedure, hindering progress both in how the research is communicated, as well as opportunities for funding and research. To fulfill the lack of biovisualization material pertaining to 3D printed scaffolds, a presentation animation was created using a combination of 2D and 3D assets, as well as 3D models extracted from CT scans. The resulting MPG4 animation files were created using a combination of Osirix reconstruction software and edited using Zbrush digital sculpting software. Assets were then imported into Cinema 4D modeling/animation software and AfterEffects compositing and animation software. In addition, a browser-based interactive presentation was made with the purpose of elucidating the cellular process of angiogenesis. An interactive presentation of angiogenesis was also made with 3D models, and implemented through HTML and Javascript. The presentation was created to be viewed using standard browser applications for ease of access, without the need for plugins or file distribution. The creation of these visualizations addresses the advantages of 3D printed scaffolds compared to current surgical bone graft methods, as well as the visualization and rate at which the bone would become vascularized, in order to communicate the current state of craniofacial reconstruction research. The animation and interactive presentation produced as a result of this project not only allows both the layman and scientist to understand and learn about 3D printed bony scaffolds, but also brings attention to the rapidly progressing field of medical biomaterials. This research further highlights the potential and need for biovisualizations to burgeon alongside this exciting frontier of medical research

Manufacturing facility location and sustainability: A literature review and research agenda.

(Jan Olhager), [email protected] (Ou Keywords: Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Environment, Facility location, Manufacturing, Sustainability 2 Introduction The facility location problem has been around for a long time. In general, it concerns the geographical positioning of facilities for a specific organizational entity, such as a company. As such, it is a strategic decision related to the configuration of the manufacturing network. As competition becomes global and the complexity of the environment in which companies operate is increasing, managing an integrated international network has become an increasingly important task for managers 1995) and Procter & Gamble ( The literature on facility location can be broadly classified into two areas: factor assessment and mathematical approaches. The factor assessment approach often has a focus on strategic issues in decision making and it can be generalized into four steps: (i) establish the critical success factors of the business, (ii) assess options for regional manufacturing configurations, (iii) define a number of potential sites, and (iv) rank the most suitable solutions (Reid and Sanders, 2010). Implicitly, economic performance has been the driver for selecting critical success factors. Also, the mathematical approaches are typically formulated as cost minimization and profit maximization problems; cf. e.g. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly necessary for manufacturing firms to include all aspects and dimensions of sustainability in their manufacturing facility location decisions. Even when a facility is selected locally, there is need to integrate sustainability factors to reach economic, social, and environmental benefits from local innovation and collaboration with local customers and suppliers The research literature on the combination of manufacturing facility location and sustainability is still at an early stage but growing. We first present an overview of the literature review methodology. We then present the search strategy and the classification scheme, based on a content analysis. Then, the results of the literature review are presented. Finally, we present a conceptual framework and a research agenda. Methodology The core idea with a literature review is to summarize the state of the art in the subject field, Below we discuss the key steps in conducting the literature review, in terms of (i) the search strategy, and the content analysis in terms of (ii) literature over time, (iii) literature across journals, and (iv) categorization with respect to topical areas as well as research methodologies; cf

cis-[(7R,14R)-5,5,7,12,12,14-Hexa­methyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­azacyclo­tetra­decane-κ4 N](oxalato-κ2 O,O′)nickel(II) oxalic acid solvate

Both mol­ecules of the title compound, [Ni(C2O4)(C16H36N4)]·C2H2O4, are located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The NiII atom shows a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Electric Current Focusing Efficiency in Graphene Electric Lens

In present work, we theoretically study the electron wave's focusing phenomenon in a single layered graphene pn junction(PNJ) and obtain the electric current density distribution of graphene PNJ, which is in good agreement with the qualitative result in previous numerical calculations [Science, 315, 1252 (2007)]. In addition, we find that for symmetric PNJ, 1/4 of total electric current radiated from source electrode can be collected by drain electrode. Furthermore, this ratio reduces to 3/16 in a symmetric graphene npn junction. Our results obtained by present analytical method provide a general design rule for electric lens based on negative refractory index systems.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Quantum entangled Sagnac interferometer

SU(1,1) interferometer (SUI) is a novel type of interferometer that uses directly entangled quantum fields for sensing phase change. For rotational sensing, Sagnac geometry is usually adopted. However, because SUI depends on the phase sum of the two arms, traditional Sagnac geometry, when applied to SUI, will result in null signal. In this paper, we modify the traditional Sagnac interferometer by nesting SU(1,1) interferometers inside. We show that the rotational signal comes from two parts labeled as "classical" and "quantum", respectively, and the quantum part, where quantum entangled fields are used for sensing, has rotational signal enhanced by a factor related to the gain of the SUI.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Early selection of \u3cem\u3ebZIP73\u3c/em\u3e facilitated adaptation of \u3cem\u3ejaponica\u3c/em\u3e rice to cold climates

Cold stress is a major factor limiting production and geographic distribution of rice (Oryza sativa). Although the growth range of japonica subspecies has expanded northward compared to modern wild rice (O. rufipogon), the molecular basis of the adaptation remains unclear. Here we report bZIP73, a bZIP transcription factor-coding gene with only one functional polymorphism (+511 G\u3eA) between the two subspecies japonica and indica, may have facilitated japonica adaptation to cold climates. We show the japonica version of bZIP73 (bZIP73Jap) interacts with bZIP71 and modulates ABA levels and ROS homeostasis. Evolutionary and population genetic analyses suggest bZIP73 has undergone balancing selection; the bZIP73Jap allele has firstly selected from standing variations in wild rice and likely facilitated cold climate adaptation during initial japonica domestication, while the indica allele bZIP73Ind was subsequently selected for reasons that remain unclear. Our findings reveal early selection of bZIP73Jap may have facilitated climate adaptation of primitive rice germplasms

The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments. Iron overload and ferroptosis highly involved in the pathophysiological process of secondary brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death, as increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in cellular and neuronal damage. For this reason, eliminating factors like iron deposition and inhibiting lipid peroxidation may be a promising therapy. Iron chelators can be used to eliminate excess iron and to alleviate some of the clinical manifestations of TBI. In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of iron and ferroptosis involving the manifestations of TBI, broaden our understanding of the use of iron chelators for TBI. Through this review, we were able to better find novel clinical therapeutic directions for further TBI study