Ethnicity and Crime: Criminal Behavior Redefined

Studies dealing with the definition of crime have primarily been concerned with developing hypotheses and theories of universal crime commission and definition. These theories of human behavior may appear plausible on paper but do not work well with people. All the theories of human behavior contain some truth. However, variables do not function one at a time nor can one theory explain all human behavior. These reasons justify studying human behavior from a social context perspective. This paper examines why one ethnic group can be heard praising a behavior while another ethnic group is doing the opposite. Factually, ethnic definition of behavior is the consequence of “Ethnic Differential Opportunity Definition” (EDOD) which states that (behavior) crime is what your ethnic group says it is. The U.S. Supreme Court is slowly accepting the EDOD. In Small v. United States (2005) the highest court narrowed a federal law that prohibits anyone “convicted in any court” of a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year from possessing firearms, 18.U.S.C.$922(g)(1). The court ruled that the law does not apply to those who were convicted in (outside their ethnic group) foreign countries. Frankly speaking, it means that felony conviction (crime) does not count and could not be used as the basis for anything if it occurs outside your ethnic group (country)

Telemarketing and Consumer protection in Nigeria: A Case for the Domestication of the U.S. Telephone Consumer Protection Act, (TCPA, 1991)

The Resolution of telecommunications regulatory issues that affect consumer protection with a view to adopting world best practices for enhanced Consumer Protection calls for a case by case review and appraisal of such topical and vexed issues that affect consumer protection in the telecommunications subsector. Consumer Protection issues in telecommunications revolves around matters of poor services, billing cost, lack of network, drop calls, telemarketing, unsolicited adverts etc. The problems of telemarketing and unsolicited advertisements have been endemic enough to attract criticism and calls for a legal framework to regulate or check the trend. In the USA, the issue of telemarketing and unsolicited adverts has since been addressed by the enactment of the U.S Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 1991. This work seeks to address the issues of telemarketing unsolicited advertisements in the telecommunications regulatory framework with a view to improving consumer satisfaction in the sector. A case for the domestication of the U.S.A experience is been made by an analysis of the USA TCPA, 1991, showing its relevance, shortcomings and grey areas and amendments for application in Nigeria. It is opined that the U.S TCPA 1991, when domesticated in Nigeria mutatis mutandis will cure the viral virus of unsolicited adverts in the Nigerian telecommunications regulatory environment. Keywords: consumer protection, U.S Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 1991, Telecommunications, Advertisement, Regulatory, customers, Lotteries, The Telemarketing Industry, Global Systems of Mobile Telecommunications (GSM), Value Added Services (VAS), National Coordinator of Wireless Application Service Providers of Nigeria (WASPAN), The Nigerian Communications Commission, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Consumers Protection Council (CPC), Nigerian Communications Commissions (NCC)

A Comparative Analysis of Fertility Differentials in Cross River State

This paper seek to evaluate fertility differentials in a rural –urban residents in Cross River State. Two settlements were use which include Anantigha as an urban settlement in Calabar and Bendi as a rural settlement in Obanliku. Ninety households were used for this study of which equal number of questionnaires was randomly distributed in each of the settlement. Findings show that there was no variation in age entry to marriage in the two settlements even though there was a significant difference in fertility differentials in the  study area Besides, it was noticed in the study area  that family size and composition in the study area does not have any influence on fertility differences. Keywords: Comparative, Differentials, Fertility,  Marriage , Residents

Intelligence Gathering Imperative: A Tool for Successful Security Outfits’ Operation

This study examines the recent security challenges Nigerians and non-Nigerians encounters in their daily existence to eke a living. These threats are orchestrated by the activities of one of the deadliest terrorist group in the world (Boko Haram), and herdsmen notorious killers, armed banditry, cow rustling by rustlers, incessant kidnapping especially students in schools and unsuspecting Nigerians and non-Nigerians alike; which has made Nigeria federating states unsafe for any meaningful socio-economic development to thrive. To achieve this, two objectives were stated to include, underscore the overarching relevance of intelligent gathering in preventing crime and understand the elaborateness of intelligence gathering that can be utilized to mitigate crimes outcomes. The study found that intelligence gathering is the disconnect that has precipitated this state of affairs in Nigeria. Equally responsible is the people’s loyalty which is first and foremost skewed to ethnoreligious and political considerations instead of the country. It was recommended among other appeals to include: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) of Nigeria which is the coordinating security agency should be properly funded and personnel trained in modern intelligence gathering techniques, the unnecessary bickering, in-fighting for superiority between and among security agencies in Nigeria should be discouraged because this itself is a big challenge in security equation of Nigeria; and serious effort should be made to stop the politicization of security intelligence gathering matters based on tribe, ethnic group, religious and political affiliations

Effect of strikes on management and planning of educational activities in Nigerian universities

This paper examines the effect of strike on management and planning of educational activities in Nigerian universities. The meaning of strike was defined, and a brief history of strike in tertiary institutions in Nigeria was analyzed including the 2017 strike by ASUU. The causes of strikes were thoroughly explained. The effect of strike on management and planning of universities in Nigeria was also treated. It was concluded that Strike is a problem that has lingered for too long, yet nothing serious has been done about it. That management of strike in Nigeria requires the attention of both the government, educational managers, academic and non-academic staff, as well as other relevant stakeholders. That strike makes planning for universities’ academic and non-academic activities to be very difficult. That everyone must play his or her role by abiding to agreements signed. That educational managers faces the challenge of re-planning educational activities, re-preparing the school calendar, re-assigning old task to new staff and not achieving certain long term goals due to the prolonged unaccomplishment as a result of the strike. Strike is an event that consumes and waste a lot of time which implies that urgent attention is needed to solve this problem. Recommendations were also made based on the observations from this paper.KEYWORDS: Strikes, Management, Planning, Educational, Activities, Universitie

One country, two crises: what Covid-19 reveals about health inequalities among BAME communities in the United Kingdom and the sustainability of its health system?

There has been mounting evidence of the disproportionate involvement of black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities by the Covid-19 pandemic. In the UK, this racial disparity was brought to the fore by the fact that the first 11 doctors to die in the UK from Covid-19 were of BAME background. The mortality rate from Covid-19 among people of black African descent in English hospitals has been shown to be 3.5 times higher when compared to rates among white British people. A Public Health England report revealed that Covid-19 was more likely to be diagnosed among black ethnic groups compared to white ethnic groups with the highest mortality occurring among BAME persons and persons living in the more deprived areas. People of BAME background account for 4.5% of the English population and make up 21% of the National Health Service (NHS) workforce. The UK poverty rate among BAME populations is twice as high as for white groups. Also, people of BAME backgrounds are more likely to be engaged in frontline roles. The disproportionate involvement of BAME communities by Covid-19 in the UK illuminates perennial inequalities within the society and reaffirms the strong association between ethnicity, race, socio-economic status and health outcomes. Potential reasons for the observed differences include the overrepresentation of BAME persons in frontline roles, unequal distribution of socio-economic resources, disproportionate risks to BAME staff within the NHS workspace and high ethnic predisposition to certain diseases which have been linked to poorer outcomes with Covid-19. The ethnoracialised differences in health outcomes from Covid-19 in the UK require urgent remedial measures. We provide intersectional approaches to tackle the complex racial disparities which though not entirely new in itself, have been often systematically ignored

Generation of empirical correlation for predicting drag reduction of oil-water flows with natural polymers

There is an increasing need to accurately predict the behaviour of fluid in the different flow geometry as applicable in the industries. The prediction of drag reduction phenomenon observed during the two-phase oil-water flow with drag reducing polymers in horizontal pipes was investigated. The Power law model was adopted inthis study to empirically correlate the data acquired from our earlier experimental works in a 12-mm ID and 20-mm ID pipes. The model accurately predicts the drag reduction across the horizontal pipes. The agreement between the predicted and experimental drag reductions was better in the 12-mm ID pipe than in the 20-mm ID pipe. More work and data is needed to enhance the predictive accuracy of applicable models.Keywords: Drag reduction; polymers; horizontal pipes, oil-water flow, modellin

Profitability of broiler production in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study was carried out to determine profitability of broiler production in Cross River State, Nigeria. A three stage multi sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 180 respondents. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, ranking and percentages, as well as budgeting techniques tools such as net farm income (NFI), return to naira invested (RNI), gross and operating ratios (GR and OR) respectively. Result of analysis showed that socio-economic attributes of broiler farmers - age, sex, marital status, education, experience, business size and training studied influenced on broiler production in the area. Furthermore, the study revealed that broiler production is a profitable venture in the area. This is arising from the difference between a total revenue of N704, 000 and total cost of N419, 153 respectively, representing a net profit of N284, 646.6 or 67.90% of the total amount of money invested, within a production season of eight weeks. The return per naira invested ratio was 1.64, this meant that for every naira invested, N1.64 profit was made by the broiler farmer, this further indicated that the business is profitable. The gross ratio, which measured the overall financial success of the business recorded 0.61. However, cost of feeds, lack of extension services, financial constraints, cost of day old chick’s medication among others are the constraints affecting effective broiler production in the area. Based on the findings of this study, the following are recommended: regular extension training on broiler production should be carried out by the relevant government agencies, feeds should be subsidized and made easily available by government, production of day old chicks should be subsidized by government to cushion the effect of their high cost and livestock farmers should be encouraged to invest on the poultry subsector for it profitability

Aloe Vera Mucilage as Drag Reducing Agent in Oil-Water Flow

Drag reduction is the deliberate reduction of the frictional pressure drop in flow systems by the addition of heavy molecular weight polymeric materials as well as other means such as pipeline modifications. Environmentally friendly and cheaper heavy molecular weight polymeric drag reducing agents (DRAs) has become a necessity in the transportation of fluids particularly in the oil and gas industry. However, very few reports exist on the potentials of natural polymers such as extracts from the Aloe Vera plant. In this study, the effects of Reynolds number and polymer concentration on the drag reduction effectiveness of Aloe barbadensis miller were tested. An experimental flow facility using unplasticized  Polyvinylchloride (uPVC) pipe of 12 mm ID was constructed with diesel (density = 832 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity = 1.664 mPa.s at 25°C) and water (density = 1000 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity = 0.891 mPa.s at 25°C) as test fluids. Drag reduction as a function of Aloe polymer concentration in the range 50 ppm to 500 ppm and Reynolds number 20000<Re<90000 were investigated by comparing the U-tube manometer pressure drop readings with and without aloe polymer. The pressure drop difference expressed as a percentage of the pressure drop without aloe polymer is termed drag reduction and was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Aloe Vera extracts or polymer as a DRA. In single phase horizontal (water) flow, a maximum drag reduction of 64% (U = 4.67 m/s) was measured, while in multiphase horizontal flow, a maximum drag reduction of 53.80% (α = 25%, Um = 4.67 m/s) was measured. Furthermore, measurements showed that pipe inclination had minimal effect on the drag reduction achieved. It was deduced that Aloe Vera mucilage can be used as a drag reducing agent in oil-water flows for Reynolds number below 63,00