VLF signatures of ionospheric perturbations associated with winter lightning in the Hokuriku area of Japan

The VLF signature of ionospheric perturbations associated with winter lightning in the Hokuriku area (Japan) were investigated over a 3-month period (December 2000 to February 2001). During this observation period, no optical phenomena were observerd; thus, the presently reported observation period was not so active as the observatian period for the previous winter (Y. Hobara et al. ; Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 935, 2001). Based on the VLF subionospheric observations of the NWC (Australia) signal obtained at Moshiri (Hokkaido) and Kasugai (near Nagoya), we obtained the following results: (1) Trimpis tend to occur when lightning activity is enhanced, (2) Trimpis are observed when the causative lightning is very close to the great circle path, and (3) the amplitude of the scattered signal is in the range of -12dB to -28dB (with respect to the unperturbed signal), independent of the polarity. These characteristics lead us to conclude that the Trimpis in our observations are due to the electromagnetic pulse of lightning discharges occurring close to the great circle path and with sufficient charge transfer

Characteristics of subionospheric VLF perturbations associated with winter lightning around Japan

VLF signature of ionospheric perturbations associated with winter lightning discharges around Japan has been investigated during 3 months observation (December 2000 through February 2001). During this period it seems that there are no optical phenomena in the Hokuriku area (Sea of Japan side) indicating that our period was not extremely active in lightning as compared with the previous winter (Y. Hobara et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 935, 2001). Based on the VLF subionospheric observation at Moshiri (Hokkaido) and Maizuru (near Kyoto) for NWC (Australia) and NPM (Hawaii) transmitter signals, we have found the following results; (1) Trimpis tend to occur at least when the lightning activity is enhanced independent of the polarity, (2) Trimpis are observed when the causative lightning is located not only on the Sea of Japan side but also on the Pacific Ocean side, and (3) the occurrence of Trimpis in the Hokuriku area is more enhanced than that on the Pacific side, which is discussed with a special reference to the different meteorological conditions

Immunophenotypic studies of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a common plasma cell dyscrasia, comprising the most indolent form of monoclonal gammopathy. However, approximately 25% of MGUS cases ultimately progress to plasma cell myeloma (PCM) or related diseases. It is difficult to predict which subset of patients will transform. In this study, we examined the immunophenotypic differences of plasma cells in MGUS and PCM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Bone marrow specimens from 32 MGUS patients and 32 PCM patients were analyzed by 4-color flow cytometry, using cluster analysis of ungated data, for the expression of several markers, including CD10, CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45, CD56 and surface and intracellular immunoglobulin light chains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All MGUS patients had two subpopulations of plasma cells, one with a "normal" phenotype [CD19(+), CD56(-), CD38(bright +)] and one with an aberrant phenotype [either CD19(-)/CD56(+) or CD19(-)/CD56(-)]. The normal subpopulation ranged from 4.4 to 86% (mean 27%) of total plasma cells. Only 20 of 32 PCM cases showed an identifiable normal subpopulation at significantly lower frequency [range 0–32%, mean 3.3%, p << 0.001]. The plasma cells in PCM were significantly less likely to express CD19 [1/32 (3.1%) vs. 13/29 (45%), p << 0.001] and more likely to express surface immunoglobulin [21/32 (66%) vs. 3/28 (11%), p << 0.001], compared to MGUS. Those expressing CD19 did so at a significantly lower level than in MGUS, with no overlap in mean fluorescence intensities [174 ± 25 vs. 430 ± 34, p << 0.001]. There were no significant differences in CD56 expression [23/32 (72%) vs. 18/29 (62%), p = 0.29], CD45 expression [15/32 (47%) vs. 20/30 (67%), p = 0.10] or CD38 mean fluorescence intensities [6552 ± 451 vs. 6365 ± 420, p = 0.38]. Two of the six MGUS cases (33%) with >90% CD19(-) plasma cells showed progression of disease, whereas none of the cases with >10% CD19(+) plasma cells evolved to PCM.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MGUS cases with potential for disease progression appeared to lack CD19 expression on >90% of their plasma cells, displaying an immunophenotypic profile similar to PCM plasma cells. A higher relative proportion of CD19(+) plasma cells in MGUS may be associated with a lower potential for disease progression.</p

被災者移動と復興のトレードオフ関係の考察―ミャンマー・米国における国際事例研究―

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第22432号工博第4693号新制||工||1733(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻(主査)教授 牧 紀男, 教授 神吉 紀世子, 教授 小林 広英学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Adaptive Strategies and Transformation for Community Recovery -A Case Study of Villages in Hinthada, Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the highest meteorological hazard risk countries in the world, owing to geographical factors such as a vast delta along the Ayeyarwady River. As the Ayeyarwady Region has suffered from seasonal floods in the monsoons since historical times, long earthen dykes were constructed in the 19th century during the British colonial period. As a result, one village was divided into two by a dyke about 150 years ago. The region was severely affected by floods in 2015. Most of the unprotected villages were inundated for two to three months, while villages inside of the dyke were protected. This research aims to identify strategies for long-term recovery related to housing, livelihood, and community activities in villages divided by the dyke in Hinthada Township using household surveys. The results show that unprotected villages have adapted their elevated houses against floods and planted water-resistant crops as an income source. Protected villages have relied on mitigation and maintenance of the dyke along with non-elevated houses, and have transformed their livelihoods in different ways

Data for: Adaptive Strategies and Transformation for Community Recovery -A Case Study of Villages in Hinthada, Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar

This data was acquired by semi-structured interview in four villages in Leik Chaung Village Tract Hinthada Township, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The Township was severely impacted by flood in 2015. Four villages were selected over an embankment which divided the area into protected and unprotected villages. Two villages were not directly affected by flood, while two were suffered from prolong inundation for two months. The interviews were conducted total 80 households selected random sampling in the villages, taking 30- 45 minutes per household. The interviews intends to extract local adaptive strategies or non-strategies on housing and livelihood against annual floods.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV