Close phylogenetic relationship between Angolan and Romanian HIV-1 subtype F1 isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the HIV-1 subtype F1 circulating in Angola with subtype F1 strains sampled worldwide and reconstructed the evolutionary history of this subtype in Central Africa.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-six HIV-1-positive samples were collected in Angola in 2006 and subtyped at the <it>env</it>-gp41 region. Partial <it>env</it>-gp120 and <it>pol-RT </it>sequences and near full-length genomes from those <it>env</it>-gp41 subtype F1 samples were further generated. Phylogenetic analyses of partial and full-length subtype F1 strains isolated worldwide were carried out. The onset date of the subtype F1 epidemic in Central Africa was estimated using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nine Angolan samples were classified as subtype F1 based on the analysis of the <it>env</it>-gp41 region. All nine Angolan sequences were also classified as subtype F1 in both <it>env-gp120 </it>and <it>pol-RT </it>genomic regions, and near full-length genome analysis of four of these samples confirmed their classification as "pure" subtype F1. Phylogenetic analyses of subtype F1 strains isolated worldwide revealed that isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were the earliest branching lineages within the subtype F1 phylogeny. Most strains from Angola segregated in a monophyletic group together with Romanian sequences; whereas South American F1 sequences emerged as an independent cluster. The origin of the subtype F1 epidemic in Central African was estimated at 1958 (1934–1971).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>"Pure" subtype F1 strains are common in Angola and seem to be the result of a single founder event. Subtype F1 sequences from Angola are closely related to those described in Romania, and only distantly related to the subtype F1 lineage circulating in South America. Original diversification of subtype F1 probably occurred within the DRC around the late 1950s.</p

Chagas Disease in Ancient Hunter-Gatherer Population, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-03-12T10:57:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anajansenanacvicente_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 136856 bytes, checksum: 485cd5ad052e065339e3ce512de090b0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-03-12T11:17:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anajansenanacvicente_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 136856 bytes, checksum: 485cd5ad052e065339e3ce512de090b0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-12T11:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anajansenanacvicente_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 136856 bytes, checksum: 485cd5ad052e065339e3ce512de090b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Sem afiliaçãoFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil

Genetic Characterization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Mozambique: Transcontinental Lineages Drive the HTLV-1 Endemic

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), the Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) and other inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis, uveitis, and myositis. It is estimated that 2–8% of the infected persons will develop a HTLV-1-associated disease during their lifetimes, frequently TSP/HAM. Thus far, there is not a specific treatment to this progressive and chronic disease. HTLV-1 has means of three transmission: (i) from mother to child during prolonged breastfeeding, (ii) between sexual partners and (iii) through blood transfusion. HTLV-1 has been characterized in 7 subtypes and the geographical distribution and the clinical impact of this infection is not well known, mainly in African population. HTLV-1 is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Mozambique is a country of southeastern Africa where TSP/HAM cases were reported. Recently, our group estimated the HTLV prevalence among Mozambican blood donors as 0.9%. In this work we performed a genetic analysis of HTLV-1 in blood donors and HIV/HTLV co-infected patients from Maputo, Mozambique. Our results showed the presence of three HTLV-1 clusters within the Cosmopolitan/Transcontinental subtype/subgroup. The differential rates of HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection in the three HTLV-1 clusters demonstrated the dynamic of the two viruses and the need for implementation of control measures focusing on both retroviruses

Development (un) sustainable and disaster: the contributions of bioethics in the analysis of environmental vulneração process, taking as a case study disasters occurred in the city of Rio de Janeiro in April 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T14:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 242.pdf: 1528544 bytes, checksum: dab920a6410ae3e417b5d7b8a919bb2c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.As consequências desastrosas da variabilidade dos fenômenos climáticos em nível local, tal como as chuvas fortes ocorridas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro nos dias 05, 06 e 07 de abril de 2010, representam, sobretudo, um aumento na vulnerabilidade de extratos da população que vivem em locais expostos aos riscos de enchentes e deslizamentos. A suscetibilidade a desastres é apenas mais um dos muitos aspectos da exposição à qual estão expostas essas pessoas que, sob a perspectiva da bioética da proteção, constituem a parcela da população formada, de fato, de vulnerados pelo sistema socioeconômico. A ocorrência deste tipo de desastres, em nível global vem alimentar o debate iniciado na década de 30 do Século XX por pensadores do campo da Ética sobre a necessidade de uma nova ética aplicada para regular as relações dos seres humanos entre si e com outros seres vivos e ecossistemas. O eixo conceitual em torno do qual ocorre a reflexão sobre os modos de produção e de consumo e seus impactos na sociedade e no meio ambiente é o desenvolvimento sustentável, ideal que se contrapõe às formas de crescimento econômico que exaurem os recursos naturais, geram exclusão e inequidade. São abordados nesta tese pontos considerados importantes para a compreensão do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, seus desdobramentos e sua evolução, a partir da perspectiva de diferentes autores, incluindo as iniciativas propostas pela ONU à comunidade internacional a partir de 1972, quando ocorreu a primeira Conferência sobre Meio Ambiente em Estocolmo. Surpreendentemente, as ferramentas teóricas, procedimentais e práticas da Ética e da Bioética têm sido ignoradas nesta busca global de soluções para uma crise que tem como um dos seus pontos centrais a aceitação de um sistema de crenças e valores que se baseia na existência de vidas-meio, aquelas que são vulneradas e desconsideradas, para o favorecimento das vidas-fim, que usufruem dos benefícios do crescimento econômico e do desenvolvimento tecnológico. É imperativa a inclusão da perspectiva da Ética e da Bioética nesta discussão, uma vez que estão inscritas no campo da Ética e da Bioética a análise das questões, aqui em jogo, relacionadas aos valores: o valor da vida, da natureza e do ser humano; questões relacionadas ao bem, à equidade, à justiça e aos direitos difusos ou não; as questões relativas à vida humana e a realização de suas potencialidades.The disastrous consequences of the variability of climatic phenomena at local level, such as the heavy rain episodes which occurred on april 05, 06, 07, 2010 in Rio de Janeiro city represent essencially the increase in the vulnerability of some population extracts which live in places exposed to the risk of flooding and landsliding. Under the bioethics of protection´s perspective, the susceptibility to disasters is just one more within many aspects of exposition of those people, who are turned into vulnerable (vulneradas) by the socioeconomics system. The occurrence of those disasters at the global level harbours the debate which started in the 30´s by thinkers from the field of Ethics about the necessity of a new ethical parameters to regulate the relationships among humans and other living beings, ecosystems and among humans themselves. The conceptual axis around which the reflexion about the production and consumption modes and its impacts on the society and the environment occur is the sustainable development, an ideal which opposes itself to the economic growth forms which exhaust the natural resources and generate exclusion and inequity. Important issues for the comprehension of the sustainable development concept, its development and evolution are presented in this thesis under the perspective of different authors, including the initiatives proposed by the UN to the international community since the holding of the first Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972. Surprinsingly, the theoretical, procedure and practical tools of Ethics and Bioethics have been ignored on this global search for solutions for a crisis which has as one of its central points the acceptance of a system of beliefs and values which is based in the existence of mean-lifes, those which are disregarded and turned into vulnerable (vulneradas) for the advantadge of the end-lifes, which usufruct from the benefits of the economic growth and the technological development. The inclusion of the ethical and bioethicaI perspectives in this discussion is imperative, as the analysis of the issues at stake belong to the field of Ethics and Bioethics, such as the value of life, of nature and the human being; the issues related to goodness, to equity, to justice and rights, diffuse or not; the issues related to human life and the accomplishment of its potentialities

Molecular Analysis of 23 Exons of the CFTR Gene in Brazilian Patients Leads to the Finding of Rare Cystic Fibrosis Mutations

To define mutations present in 23 exons and flanking intronic sequences of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 95 patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we carried out single- strand conformation polymorphism analysis and automated direct sequencing. Mutation detection was achieved in 45% of the alleles presented, and complete genotyping (two mutated alleles) was accomplished in 34.7% of the patients. Twenty patients (21.1%) were found to carry only one mutation, whereas mutated alleles could not be observed in 42 patients (44.2%). Eleven mutations were found, of which four were characterized as rare mutations: P205S (1.05%), Y1092X (0.53%), S549R (0.53%), and S4X (0.53%). The DF508 mutation in this population sample showed a frequency of 28.42%. The low number of individuals (10 of 95; 10.5%) with compound heterozygous (DF508/non-DF508) genotypes could indicate the presence of another severe mutation leading to the premature death of these individuals. In 4 of the aforementioned 10 individuals with compound heterozygous genotypes, the D-7-2-1-2 (XV2c-KM19-IVS6a-TUB9-M470-T854) haplotype was defined

Complete Genome Sequence of Central Africa Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Subtype 1b

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T13:49:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_vicente_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 78493 bytes, checksum: f9a4858d2015107c9acad60457e96390 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T14:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_vicente_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 78493 bytes, checksum: f9a4858d2015107c9acad60457e96390 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_vicente_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 78493 bytes, checksum: f9a4858d2015107c9acad60457e96390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Sérgio Franco Medicina Diagnóstica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has a global spread, and it is estimated that around 20 million persons are infected. Seven major genetic subtypes are recognized. However, there are complete genomes only from the HTLV-1a (cosmopolitan) and HTLV-1c (Melanesian) subtypes. Here, the first full-length genome of an HTLV-1b strain, a subtype so far restricted to Central African countries, is revealed. The genome size of HTLV-1b SF26, a strain isolated in Brazil, was determined to be 8,267 bp. The genomic analysis showed that all characteristic regions and genes of a prototypic HTLV-1 virus are conserved. This genome can provide information for further studies on the evolutionary history and pathogenic potential of this human oncovirus

'Candidatus Colwellia aromaticivorans' sp. nov., 'Candidatus Halocyntiibacter alkanivorans' sp. nov., and 'Candidatus Ulvibacter alkanivorans' sp. nov. genome sequences

Unplanned oil spills during offshore production are a serious problem for the industry and the marine environment. Here, we present the genome sequence analysis of three novel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, namely, "Candidatus Colwellia aromaticivorans" sp. nov., "Candidatus Halocyntiibacter alkanivorans" sp. nov., and "Candidatus Ulvibacter alkanivorans" sp. nov