Cancer activity and bleeding events post-PCI

Purpose : Limited data exist about clinically relevant bleeding events related to antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in cancer patients. We investigated the risk factors for clinically relevant bleeding events in patients with cancer after PCI with stent implantation. Patients and Methods : Patients with solid cancer subjected to first PCI were divided into active (n = 45) and non-active cancer groups (n = 44). The active group included non-operable patients on treatment or with metastasis ; the non-active included those already subjected to or for whom radical surgery was planned within 3 months after the index PCI. Results : During a median follow-up of 2.2 years, 11 bleeding events occurred, with only one occurring in the non-active cancer group. Half of them occurred during the dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) period, and the rest occurred during single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) period. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly more bleeding events in the active cancer group (p = 0.010). Multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis revealed cancer activity as a significant independent risk factor for bleeding (p = 0.023) ; but not for three-point major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion : Clinically relevant bleeding risk after PCI was significantly lower in non-active cancer. Active cancer group had clinically relevant bleeding during both DAPT and SAPT periods

High Serum Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with Decreased Insulin Secretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Brief Report

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They directly cause insulin secretory defects in animal and cell culture models and may promote insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects. We have developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring AGEs in human serum. Here, we use this method to investigate the relationship between AGEs and insulin secretion and resistance in patients with T2DM. Methods. Our study involved 15 participants with T2DM not on medication and 20 nondiabetic healthy participants. We measured the AGE carboxyethyllysine (CEL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), and methyl-glyoxal-hydro-imidazolone (MG-H1). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in these participants during a meal tolerance test, and the glucose disposal rate was measured during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results. CML and CEL levels were significantly higher in T2DM than non-DM participants. CML showed a significant negative correlation with insulin secretion, HOMA-%B, and a significant positive correlation with the insulin sensitivity index in T2DM participants. There was no correlation between any of the AGEs measured and glucose disposal rate. Conclusions. These results suggest that AGE might play a role in the development or prediction of insulin secretory defects in type 2 diabetes

Solidification of Aerial CO2‐Captured Aralkylamines in Water Triggered by Self‐Assembly Against Affinity for Formation of Reverse Lipid Bilayer

Abstract It is found that aralkylamines solidified even in water by absorption of aerial CO2. Despite being amphiphilic, the aralkylamines absorbed CO2 and self‐assembled against the amphiphilicity to form a reverse lipid bilayer structure and solidified. Once the solid‐liquid separation of aerial CO2‐captured amines in water is achieved, it becomes possible to select the optimum conditions for both absorption and desorption

Ethanol Oxidation on Well-Ordered PtSn Surface Alloy on Pt(111) Electrode

Surface and subsurface structures of PtSn surface alloy on Pt(111) were determined using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray diffraction. Different ordered structures of the PtSn alloy layer were observed by STM in HClO₄ at coverage of θ_Sn ≤ 0.23. Superstructure of (√3 × √7)­R19.1° with small domain size was formed at θ_Sn = 0.23. This structure promoted the catalytic activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction with high durability. X-ray structural analysis showed that the ratio of Sn in the subsurface was below 3(2)%, The PtSn alloy layer was mainly formed at the surface of the Pt(111) electrode. The Sn atoms protruded by 0.02 nm from the Pt layer, which was similar to the surface structure of Pt₃Sn­(111). One Pt atom in the (√3 × √7)­R19.1° structure contacts to one or two surrounding Sn atoms, which lead to the highest activity for the EOR

Simple and Effective Label-Free Capillary Electrophoretic Analysis of Sugars by Complexation Using Quinoline Boronic Acids

An effective separation and detection procedure for sugars by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a complexation between quinolineboronic acid (QBA) and multiple hydroxyl structure of sugar alcohol is reported. We investigated the variation of fluorescence spectra of a variety of QBAs with sorbitol at a wide range of pH conditions and then found that 5-isoQBA strongly enhanced the fluorescence intensity by the complexation at basic pH conditions. The other sugar alcohols having multiple hydroxyls also revealed the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity with 5-isoQBA, whereas the alternation of the intensity was not found in the sugars such as glucose. After optimization of the 5-isoQBA concentration and pH of the buffered solution in CE analysis, 6 sugar alcohols were successfully separated in the order based on the formation constants with 5-isoQBA, which were calculated from the variation of the fluorescence intensity with each sugar alcohol and 5-isoQBA. Furthermore, the limits of detection for sorbitol and xylitol by the CE method were estimated at 15 and 27 μM, respectively

Suicidality in civilian women with PTSD: Possible link to childhood maltreatment, proinflammatory molecules, and their genetic variations

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a robust risk factor for suicide. Studies have suggested an association between suicide and elevated inflammatory markers, although such evidence in PTSD is scarce. Suicide risk, PTSD, and inflammatory molecules are all shown to be associated with childhood maltreatment and genetic factors. Methods: We examined the association between suicidal ideation/risk and inflammatory markers in 83 civilian women with PTSD, and explored the possible influence of childhood maltreatment and inflammatory genes. Suicidal ideation and risk were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Childhood maltreatment history was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Blood levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α were measured. Genetic polymorphisms of CRP rs2794520 and IL6 rs1800796 were genotyped. Results: Suicidal ideation was significantly positively correlated with hsCRP (p = 0.002) and IL-6 (p = 0.015) levels. Suicide risk weighted score was significantly positively correlated with hsCRP (p = 0.016) levels. The risk alleles of CRP rs2794520 and IL6 rs1800796 leading to increased respective protein levels were dose-dependently associated with higher risk of suicide (p = 0.007 and p = 0.029, respectively). The CTQ total score was significantly correlated with suicidal ideation and risk, but not with inflammatory marker levels. Furthermore, a multivariate regression analysis controlling for PTSD severity and potential confounders revealed that rs2794520 and rs1800796, but not hsCRP or IL-6 levels, significantly predicted suicidal ideation (p < 0.001) and risk (p = 0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Genetic variations within inflammatory genes might be useful in detecting PTSD patients at high risk of suicide