Global dimension of the derived category of an orbifold projective line

The global dimension of a triangulated category is defined to be the infimum value of the global dimensions of stability conditions on the triangulated category. In this paper, we study the global dimension of the derived category of an orbifold projective line.Comment: 12 page

The number of full exceptional collections modulo spherical twists for extended Dynkin quivers

This paper calculates the number of full exceptional collections modulo an action of a free abelian group of rank one for an abelian category of coherent sheaves on an orbifold projective line with a positive orbifold Euler characteristic, which is equivalent to the one of finite dimensional modules over an extended Dynkin quiver of ADE type by taking their derived categories. This is done by a recursive formula naturally generalizing the one for the Dynkin case by Deligne whose categorical interpretation is due to Obaid--Nauman--Shammakh--Fakieh--Ringel. Moreover, the number coincides with the degree of the Lyashko--Looijenga map of the Frobenius manifold for the orbifold projective line, which hints a consistency in some problems in Bridgeland's stability conditions and mirror symmetry.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure, 7 table

Formation of ZnO thin films by photocatalytic reaction

Zinc oxide and layered zinc hydroxides were deposited from an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate at 323–358 K on a substrate plate with a very thin titanium dioxide film by a photocatalytic reaction. The amorphous or low crystalline zinc hydroxide aggregates were deposited at a low temperature. The zinc oxide crystals with about 1–2 μm-sized hexagonal columns and 10 nm-sized spheres were formed at 338–358 K. Nitrate ions in the solution were reduced to nitrite ions, and water was transformed into hydroxide ions by a photocatalytic reaction on the titanium dioxide film. The pH value increased on the substrate surface with the titanium dioxide film, which caused the zinc hydroxide formation on the film. The zinc hydroxides were then dehydrated and transformed into zinc oxide. The average crystallite size of the zinc oxide decreased with an increase in the reaction temperature because the reaction rates of the formation and dehydration of the zinc hydroxides increased which resulted in an increase in the formation rate of the crystal zinc oxide nuclei.ArticleAPPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL. 160:651-657 (2014)journal articl

Cryptococcus gattii alters immunostimulatory potential in response to the environment.

Cryptococcus gattii is a capsular fungal pathogen, which causes life-threatening cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals. This emerging pathogen is less likely to be recognized by innate immunity compared to traditional Cryptococcus neoformans strains. Previous studies indicate that C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including dectin-1 and dectin-2, play a role in recognizing cryptococcal cells; however, it remains to be elucidated whether the receptors physically associate with C. gattii yeast cell surfaces. Based on the previous findings, we hypothesized that culture conditions influence the expression or exposure of CLR ligands on C. gattii. Therefore, in the present study, we first investigated the culture conditions that induce exposure of CLR ligands on C. gattii yeast cells via the binding assay using recombinant fusion proteins of mouse CLR and IgG Fc, Fc dectin-1 and Fc dectin-2. Common fungal culture media, such as yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth, Sabouraud broth, and potato dextrose agar, did not induce the exposure of dectin-1 ligands, including β-1,3-glucan, on both capsular and acapsular C. gattii strains, in contrast to Fc dectin-1 and Fc dectin-2 bound to C. gattii cells growing in the conventional synthetic dextrose (SD) medium [may also be referred to as a yeast nitrogen base with glucose medium]. The medium also induced the exposure of dectin-1 ligands on C. neoformans, whereas all tested media induced dectin-1 and dectin-2 ligands in a control fungus Candida albicans. Notably, C. gattii did not expose dectin-1 ligands in SD medium supplemented with yeast extract or neutral buffer. In addition, compared to YPD medium-induced C. gattii, SD medium-induced C. gattii more efficiently induced the phosphorylation of Syk, Akt, and Erk1/2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). Afterwards, the cells were considerably engulfed by DCs and remarkably induced DCs to secrete the inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the findings suggest that C. gattii alters its immunostimulatory potential in response to the environment

Case report of a gastric glomus tumor

The patient was a 67-year-old man who vomitted blood during therapy while hospitalized due to an asthma attack. He underwent a gastric examination, which detected a submucosal tumor on the greater curvature of the gastric antrum and gastric cancer on the lesser curvature. This tumor was diagnosed as a glomus tumor by postoperative pathological examination. In Japan, glomus tumors of stomach have been reported in 50 cases including our case. The mean age of patients was 48 years (23 to 74). Nineteen patients were male and 31 female. The main symptom was upper abdominal pain. The tumors developed in the submucosal layer of the greater curvature in the antrum and the mean size was 2.8 cm. A Angiography revealed hypervascularization and endoscopic ulutasonography showed spheroid tumors localized in the muscle layer. Proeoperative histological diagnoses were often difficult. Two cases including our patient were associated with gastric cancer