Laparoscopic Surgery for Small Bowel Obstruction due to Paracecal Hernia

Internal hernia related to paracecal hernia is a rare disease and is difficult to confirm by preoperative diagnosis. We recently encountered a case of an 83-year-old woman who had lower abdominal pain in her right quadrant. Based on physical findings and CT findings she was diagnosed as having small bowel obstruction by internal hernia around the cecum. She underwent emergency operation with laparoscopic surgery and was diagnosed with a paracecal hernia and treated laparoscopically. After we dissected the ventral wall of the hernia sac and enlarged the hernia orifice, we reduced the trapped small intestine into the abdominal space. We determined that the herniated portion of the small intestine was not necrotic and therefore did not resect it. Although paracecal hernia is a rare internal hernia, physicians should be aware of it as a differential diagnosis for small bowel obstruction because of its rapid progression to strangulation and necrosis. We highlight the importance of recognizing CT findings of paracecal internal hernia. Laparoscopy was effective both for making a definitive diagnosis and treating paracecal hernia with relatively little invasion

Inferentialist ethics for analyzing mathematical interactions in the age of artificial intelligence

This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number 18K13162 and 18H05751.第52回秋期研究大会, 令和元年11月16日(土)，17日(日), 於 東京学芸大学, 主催 : 日本数学教育学会, 共催 : 日本教育大学協会数学部

数学の授業への推論主義の影響

全国数学教育学会第51回研究発表会 日時 : 令和元年12月14日（土）12:00～18:10, 12月15日（日）8:50～16:15 会場 : 広島大学大学院教育学研究科・教育学部（東広島キャンパス

学校数学における統計カリキュラムの開発に関する研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(教育学)Doctor of Philosophy in Educationdoctora

How are proof and proving conceptualized in mathematics curriculum documents in the USA and Japan?

Only a few international comparative studies have reported on proof and proving in curriculum documents. This report proposes a method of comparing the meaning of proof-related words in two specific countries’ curriculum documents (the USA and Japan) through quantitative and interpretative analyses. Using a text mining approach to explore text data, we found that the co-occurrence network of the words “proof” and “prove” in curriculum documents from the two countries is quite different. In the USA, the word “proof” is concerned with justification and “prove” is used as a general process, while in Japan “proof” is more related to discovery and “prove” is more associated with specific theorems.This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP20KK0053, JP20K14013)

Cross-curricular Teaching of Statistics in Primary Education: Focusing on Statistical Investigation

本稿の目的は，教科間の結び付きが相対的に強い初等教育段階において，統計的探究を教科横断的に指導するために，社会科と理科における統計的探究の位置付けを明確にするとともに，可能な教科間の関連付けを検討することである。本稿では，それぞれの教科の典型的な指導の展開を把握するために，教科書分析を研究の方法とした。結果として，社会科と理科ではそれぞれ社会的事象と自然事象の統計的探究がなされ得るが，それを統計的探究として明示的に取り扱うことはなく，対照的に算数科では統計的知識の指導はなされ得るが，統計的な探究活動は明示的に位置づいていないことを指摘した。最後に，STEM教育の知見を援用することで，可能な教科間の関連付けとして，一方では社会科や理科において事象探究し，他方では算数科において事象探究の方法を考察し学習する，という統計的探究を中心とした関連付けの方法が考えられることを述べた。The purpose of this paper is to clarify the use of statistical investigations in social studies and science textbooks and to consider how to teach statistics using cross-curriculum activities in primary education. Textbook analysis was used to determine the types of activities covered in each discipline. In both social studies and science, social and natural events were explored statistically, however, these activities were not taught explicitly as statistical investigations. In contrast, in elementary mathematics, statistical knowledge was taught as a component of the curriculum but application of this knowledge in statistical investigations was not explicitly covered in the textbook. Finally, considering the importance of STEM education, a method of associating these disciplines centered on statistical investigations was considered.本研究は，JSPS科研費（課題番号：18H05751）の助成を受けて行われました

The Effect of Minimum and Maximum Air Temperatures in the Summer on Heat Stroke in Japan: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

An increase in the global surface temperature and changes in urban morphologies are associated with increased heat stress especially in urban areas. This can be one of the contributing factors underlying an increase in heat strokes. We examined the impact of summer minimum air temperatures, which often represent nighttime temperatures, as well as a maximum temperature on a heat stroke. We collected data from the records of daily ambulance transports for heat strokes and meteorological data for July and August of 2017–2019 in the Tottori Prefecture, Japan. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to determine the association of maximum/minimum air temperatures and the incidence of heat strokes. We used a logistic regression to identify factors associated with the severity of heat strokes. A total of 1108 cases were identified with 373 (33.7%) calls originating in the home (of these, 59.8% were the age of ≥ 75). A total of 65.8% of cases under the age of 18 were related to exercise. Days with a minimum temperature ≥ 25 °C had an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.77 (2.19, 6.51) for the incidence of an exercise-related heat stroke (reference: days with a minimum temperature < 23 °C). The odds ratio for a heat stroke occurring at home or for calls for an ambulance to the home was 6.75 (4.47, 10.20). The severity of the heat stroke was associated with older age but not with air temperature. Minimum and maximum air temperatures may be associated with the incidence of heat strokes and in particular the former with non-exertional heat strokes

Plasma Oxytocin Concentrations During and After Gestation in Japanese Pregnant Women Affected by Anxiety Disorder and Endometriosis

[Background] Oxytocin has a key role in mother-infant bonding, maternal care, social interaction, and stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, the factors determining oxytocin concentrations during and after pregnancy such as medical history related to nursing or parental behavior are unknown. To elucidate these, we analyzed the relationships between oxytocin concentrations during and after pregnancy, and medical history assessed in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). [Methods] We then selected the pregnant women with a medical history of anxiety disorder and endometriosis as cases and pregnant women without medical history as controls adjusting the cohort for age and parity for a nested case-control study, after which 162 women remained for analysis. We evaluated 162 pregnant women from JECS using answers provided in a questionnaire and by measuring plasma oxytocin concentration by ELISA during the first (T1) and second (T2) trimesters of pregnancy, and after childbirth (T3). [Results] Oxytocin concentration increased in a time dependent manner, consistent with previous reports. There were weak negative correlations between oxytocin concentration at T1 and the mother’s age and height, but no correlation with other factors. The mean oxytocin concentrations of pregnant women with a history of an anxiety disorder (n = 7) and endometriosis (n = 13) were significantly lower than those of pregnant women with no such history at T2 and T3. [Conclusion] These results suggest that oxytocin concentrations during and after pregnancy were affected by a past history of anxiety disorder and endometriosis. This is the first study of the relationship between oxytocin concentration and endometriosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, further study is needed

One-Step Conversion of Glutamic Acid into 2-Pyrrolidone on a Supported Ru Catalyst in a Hydrogen Atmosphere: Remarkable Effect of CO Activation

Glutamic acid, an abundant nonessential amino acid, was converted into 2-pyrrolidone in the presence of a supported Ru catalyst under a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. This reaction pathway proceeded through the dehydration of glutamic acid into pyroglutamic acid, subsequent hydrogenation, and the dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of pyroglutaminol into 2-pyrrolidone. In the conversion of pyroglutaminol, Ru/Al2O3 exhibited notably higher activity than supported Pt, Pd, and Rh catalysts. IR analysis revealed that Ru can hydrogenate the formed CO through dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of hydroxymethyl groups in pyroglutaminol and can also easily desorb CH4 from the active sites on Ru. Furthermore, Ru/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity among the tested catalysts in the conversion of pyroglutamic acid. Consequently, the conversion of glutamic acid produced a high yield of 2-pyrrolidone by using the supported Ru catalyst. This is the first report of this one-pot reaction under mild reaction conditions (433 K, 2 MPa H2)„ which avoids the degradation of unstable amino acids above 473 K